Amazon Web Services CLF-C02 Dumps

 Amazon Redshift is a fully managed, petabyte-scale data warehouse service in the cloud. You can start with just a few hundred gigabytes of data and scale to a petabyte or more. This enables you to use your data to acquire new insights for your business and customers. Amazon Redshift is a relational database management system (RDBMS), so it is compatible with other RDBMS applications. You can use standard SQL to query the data.

According to the AWS shared responsibility model, the customer is responsible for security in the cloud, which includes the tasks of configuring the AWS provided security group firewall and classifying company assets in the AWS Cloud. A security group is a virtual firewall that controls the inbound and outbound traffic for one or more EC2 instances. The customer must configure the security group rules to allow or deny traffic based on protocol, port, or source and destination IP address2 Classifying company assets in the AWS Cloud means identifying the types, categories, and sensitivity levels of the data and resources that the customer stores and processes on AWS. The customer must also determine the applicable compliance requirements and regulations that apply to their assets, and implement the appropriate security controls and measures to protect them

The AWS service or resource that will meet these requirements is D. AWS Partner Network (APN).

AWS Partner Network (APN) is a global community of consulting and technology partners that offer a wide range of services and solutions for AWS customers. APN partners can help customers design, architect, build, migrate, and manage their workloads and applications on AWS.APN partners have access to various resources, training, tools, and support to enhance their AWS expertise and deliver value to customers12.

AWS Support is a service that provides technical assistance and guidance for AWS customers. AWS Support offers different plans with varying levels of response time, access channels, and features.AWS Support does not directly engage third-party consultants, but rather connects customers with AWS experts and resources3.

AWS Organizations is a service that allows customers to manage multiple AWS accounts within a single organization. AWS Organizations enables customers to create groups of accounts, apply policies, automate account creation, and consolidate billing.AWS Organizations does not directly engage third-party consultants, but rather helps customers simplify and optimize their AWS account management4.

AWS Service Catalog is a service that allows customers to create and manage catalogs of IT services that are approved for use on AWS. AWS Service Catalogenables customers to control the configuration, deployment, and governance of their IT services.AWS Service Catalog does not directly engage third-party consultants, but rather helps customers standardize and streamline their IT service delivery5.

Amazon Personalize is a service that provides real-time personalized recommendations based on the user’s behavior, preferences, and context. It can also incorporate metadata such as product color and brand to generate more relevant recommendations. Amazon Comprehend is a natural language processing (NLP) service that can analyze text for entities, sentiments, topics, and more. Amazon Forecast is a service that provides accurate time-series forecasting based on machine learning. Amazon SageMaker Studio is a web-based integrated development environment (IDE) for machine learning.

AWS Trusted Advisor is a service that provides real-time guidance to help you provision your resources following AWS best practices. AWS Trusted Advisor provides recommended actions in five categories: cost optimization, performance, security, fault tolerance, and service quotas. Cost optimization helps you reduce your overall AWS costs by identifying idle and underutilized resources. Service quotas helps you monitor and manage your usage of AWS service quotas and request quota increases. Operating system patches, repetitive tasks, and account activity records are not categories that AWS Trusted Advisor provides recommended actions for. Source: [AWS Trusted Advisor]

Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) provides a simple, scalable, fully managed elastic NFS file system for use with AWS Cloud services and on-premises resources. It is built to scale on demand to petabytes without disrupting applications, growing and shrinking automatically as you add and remove files, eliminating the need to provision and manage capacity to accommodate growth. Amazon EFS offers two storage classes: the Standard storage class, and the Infrequent Access storage class (EFS IA). EFS IA provides price/performance that is cost-optimized for files not accessed every day. Amazon EFS encrypts data at rest and in transit, and supports direct access over the internet4.

 B is correct because Reserved Instances are the instance purchasing option that offers the most cost-effective way to use Amazon EC2 instances for a stable production workload that will run for 1 year, as they provide significant discounts compared to On-Demand Instances in exchange for a commitment to use a specific amount of computing power for a period of time. A is incorrect because Dedicated Hosts are the instance purchasing option that allows customers to use physical servers that are fully dedicated to their use, which is more expensive and less flexible than Reserved Instances. C is incorrect because On-Demand Instances are the instance purchasing option that allows customers to pay for compute capacity by the hour or second with no long-term commitments, which is more suitable for short-term, variable, and unpredictable workloads. D is incorrect because Spot Instances are the instance purchasing option that allows customers to bid on spare Amazon EC2 computing capacity, which is more suitable for flexible, scalable, and fault-tolerant workloads that can tolerate interruptions.

 AWS Budgets allows you to set custom budgets that alert you when your costs or usage exceed (or are forecasted to exceed) your budgeted amount. You can also use AWS Budgets to set reservation utilization or coverage targets and receive alerts when your utilization drops below the threshold you define. AWS Budgets provides you with a comprehensive view of your cost and usage, as well as your reservation utilization and coverage1.

AWS Outposts is a fully managed service that extends AWS infrastructure, AWS services, APIs, and tools to virtually any datacenter, co-location space, or on-premises facility for a truly consistent hybrid experience1. AWS Outposts enables customers to run workloads on premises using the same AWS APIs, tools, and services that they use in the cloud2. Dedicated Hosts are physical servers with EC2 instance capacity fully dedicated to a customer’s use3. Availability Zones are one or more discrete data centers, each with redundant power, networking, and connectivity, housed in separate facilities within an AWS Region4. AWS Wavelength is an AWS Infrastructure offering optimized for mobile edge computing applications.

AWS Storage Gateway is a hybrid cloud storage service that allows you to extend your on-premises file storage capabilities to the AWS Cloud. AWS Storage Gateway file gateway enables you to store and access your files in Amazon S3 using industry-standard file protocols such as NFS and SMB. File gateway caches frequently accessed files locally, providing low-latency access to your data. File gateway also optimizes the transfer of data between your on-premises environment and AWS, minimizing the amount of bandwidth consumed. By using file gateway, you can retain the performance benefit of sharing content locally while leveraging the scalability, durability, and cost-effectiveness of Amazon S3. References: AWS Storage Gateway, File Gateway

AWS Direct Connect is a service that provides a dedicated network connection from on premises to the AWS Cloud. It can reduce network costs, increase bandwidth throughput, and provide a more consistent network experience than internet-based connections. It can also provide low latency for applications that require real-time data transfer4. Amazon VPC is a service that provides a logically isolated section of the AWS Cloud where users can launch AWS resources in a virtual network that they define. Amazon Kinesis Data Streams is a service that provides a scalable and durable stream of data records for real-time data processing. Amazon OpenSearch Service is a service that provides a fully managed, scalable, and secure search and analytics solution that is compatible with Elasticsearch.

Under the AWS shared responsibility model, AWS is responsible for ensuring the security of the internal network in the AWS data centers, as well as the physical security of the hardware and facilities that run AWS services. AWS customers are responsible for configuring the security group rules that determine which ports are open on an EC2 Linux instance, patching the guest operating system with the latest security patches on EC2, and turning on server-side encryption for S3 buckets. Source: AWS Shared Responsibility Model

AWS Regions are the AWS service or resource that the company should use to select its Amazon RDS deployment area. AWS Regions are separate geographic areas where AWS clusters its data centers. Each AWS Region consists of multiple, isolated, and physically separate Availability Zones within a geographic area. Each AWS Region is designed to be isolated from the other AWS Regions to achieve the highest possible fault tolerance and stability. AWS provides a more extensive global footprint than any other cloud provider, and to support its global footprint and ensure customers are served across the world, AWS opens new Regions rapidly. AWS maintains multiple geographic Regions, including Regions in North America, South America, Europe, China, Asia Pacific, South Africa, and the Middle East. Amazon RDS is available in several AWS Regions worldwide. To create or work with an Amazon RDS DB instance in a specific AWS Region, you must use the corresponding regional service endpoint. You can choose the AWS Region that meets your latency or legal requirements. You can also use multiple AWS Regions to design a disaster recovery solution or to distribute your read workload. References: Global Infrastructure Regions & AZs - aws.amazon.com, Regions, Availability Zones, and Local Zones - Amazon Relational Database Service

 Basing the selection of Amazon EC2 instance types on past utilization patterns is a way to right size the AWS resources and optimize the performance and cost. Using Amazon S3 Lifecycle policies to move objects that users access infrequently to lower-cost storage tiers is another way to reduce the storage costs and align them with the business value of the data. These two actions are recommended by the AWS Cost Optimization Pillar1. Switching from Amazon RDS to Amazon DynamoDB is not necessarily a cost-saving action, as it depends on the use case and the data model. Using Multi-AZ deployments for Amazon RDS is a way to improve the availability and durability of the database, but it also increases the cost. Replacing existing Amazon EC2 instanceswith AWS Elastic Beanstalk is a way to simplify the deployment and management of the application, but it does not affect the cost of the underlying EC2 instances.

AWS Shield Advanced is a service that provides high levels of detection and near-real-time (NRT) mitigation against large and sophisticated distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks on applications running on AWS. AWS Shield Advanced also provides you with 24x7 access to the AWS DDoS Response Team (DRT) and protection against DDoS attacks of any size or duration1. Amazon GuardDuty is a service that provides threat detection for your AWS accounts and workloads, but itdoes not offer DDoS protection3. Amazon Inspector is a service that helps you improve the security and compliance of your applications deployed on AWS by automatically assessing them for vulnerabilities and deviations from best practices. Amazon Macie is a service that uses machine learning and pattern matching to discover and protect your sensitive data in AWS.

 Amazon S3 and Amazon EBS are two AWS services that can be used to store files . Amazon S3 is an object storage service that offers high scalability, durability, availability, and performance. Amazon EBS is a block storage service that provides persistent and low-latency storage volumes for Amazon EC2 instances. AWS Lambda, Amazon SageMaker, and AWS Storage Gateway are other AWS services that have different purposes, such as serverless computing, machine learning, and hybrid cloud storage .

AWS Migration Hub is a service that provides a single location to track the progress of application migrations across multiple AWS and partner solutions. It allows you to choose the AWS and partner migration tools that best fit your needs, while providing visibility into the status of migrations across your portfolio of applications1. AWS Migration Hub supports migration status updates from the following tools: AWS Application Migration Service, AWS Database Migration Service, CloudEndure Migration, Server Migration Service, and Migrate for Compute Engine1.

The other options are not correct for the following reasons:

AWS Application Discovery Service is a service that helps you plan your migration projects by automatically identifying servers, applications, and dependencies in your on-premises data centers2. It does not track the progress of application migrations, but rather provides information to help you plan and scope your migrations.

AWS Application Migration Service is a service that helps you migrate and modernize applications from any source infrastructure to AWS with minimal downtime and disruption3. It is one of the migration tools that can send status updates to AWS Migration Hub, but it is not the service that provides a single location to track the progress of application migrations.

AWS Service Catalog is a service that allows you to create and manage catalogs of IT services that are approved for use on AWS4. It does not track the progress of application migrations, but rather helps you manage the provisioning and governance of your IT services.

1: What Is AWS Migration Hub? - AWS Migration Hub

2: What Is AWS Application Discovery Service? - AWS Application Discovery Service

3: App Migration Tool - AWS Application Migration Service - AWS

4: What Is AWS Service Catalog? - AWS Service Catalog

AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) is a web service that helps you securely control access to AWS resources for your users. You use IAM to control who can use your AWS resources (authentication) and what resources they can use and in what ways (authorization). IAM is always available free of charge to users4.

According to the AWS shared responsibility model, the customer is responsible for security in the cloud, which includes the tasks of managing data encryption and granting least privilege access to IAM users. Data encryption is the process of transforming data into an unreadable format that canonly be accessed with a key or a password. The customer must decide whether to encrypt their data at rest (when it is stored on AWS) or in transit (when it is moving between AWS and the customer or between AWS services). The customer must also choose the encryption method, algorithm, and key management solution that best suit their needs. AWS provides various services and features that support data encryption, such as AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS), AWS Certificate Manager (ACM), and AWS Encryption SDK5 IAM users are entities that represent the people or applications that interact with AWS resources and services. The customer must grant the IAM users the minimum permissions that they need to perform their tasks, and avoid giving them unnecessary or excessive access. This is known as the principle of least privilege, and it helps reduce the risk of unauthorized or malicious actions. The customer can use IAM policies, roles, groups, and permissions boundaries to manage the access of IAM users.

 These are two scenarios that represent the concept of elasticity on AWS. Elasticity means the ability to adjust the resources and capacity of the system in response to changes in demand or environment. Scaling the number of Amazon EC2 instances based on traffic means using services such as AWS Auto Scaling or Elastic Load Balancing to add or remove instances as the traffic increases or decreases. Resizing Amazon RDS instances as business needs change means using the Amazon RDS console or API to modify the instance type, storage type, or storage size of the database as the workload grows or shrinks. You can learn more about the concept of elasticity on AWS from [this webpage] or [this digital course].

AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) is a managed service that enables you to easily encrypt your data. AWS KMS provides you with centralized control of the encryption keys used to protect your data. You can use AWS KMS to encrypt data in Amazon RDS and Amazon EBS volumes12

AWS customer carbon footprint tool is a tool that helps customers measure and manage their carbon emissions from their AWS usage. It provides data on the carbon intensity, energy consumption, and estimated emissions of AWS services across regions and time periods. It alsoenables customers to review and forecast their emissions, and compare them with industry benchmarks. AWS Health Dashboard is a service that provides personalized information about the health and performance of AWS services and resources. AWS Support Center is a service that provides access to AWS support resources, such as cases, forums, and documentation. Amazon QuickSight is a service that provides business intelligence and analytics for AWS data sources.

A is correct because Amazon Lex is the AWS service that helps users build conversational interfaces into applications using voice and text. B is incorrect because Amazon Transcribe is the AWS service that helps users convert speech to text. C is incorrect because Amazon Comprehend is the AWS service that helps users analyze text using natural language processing. D is incorrect because Amazon Timestream is the AWS service that helps users collect, store, and process time series data.

Amazon EC2 is the AWS service that the company should use to meet its requirements of retaining full control of patch management for the guest operating systems that host its applications. Amazon EC2 is a service that provides secure, resizable compute capacity in the cloud. Users can launch virtual servers, called instances, that run various operating systems, such as Linux, Windows, macOS, and more. Users have full administrative access to their instances and can install and configure any software, including patches and updates, on their instances. Users are responsible for managing the security and maintenance of their instances, including patching the guest operating system and applications. Users can also use AWS Systems Manager to automate and simplify the patching process for their EC2 instances. AWS Systems Manager is a service that helps users manage their AWS and on-premises resources atscale. Users can use AWS Systems Manager Patch Manager to scan their instances for missing patches, define patch baselines and maintenance windows, and apply patches automatically or manually across their instances. Users can also use AWS Systems Manager to monitor the patch compliance status and patching history of their instances. References: What is Amazon EC2?, AWS Systems Manager Patch Manager

 Amazon Aurora is a relational database service that is compatible with MySQL and PostgreSQL engines. It delivers up to five times the performance of MySQL and up to three times the performance of PostgreSQL. It also provides high availability, scalability, security, and durability1

AWS Outposts is a service that provides fully managed AWS infrastructure and services on premises. It allows users to run applications that require low latency and local data processing, while seamlessly connecting to the AWS Cloud for a consistent hybrid experience. AWS IoT Greengrass isa service that provides local compute, messaging, data caching, sync, and ML inference capabilities for connected devices. AWS Lambda is a service that allows users to run code without provisioning or managing servers. AWS Snowball Edge is a device that provides a petabyte-scale data transport and edge computing solution.

 Network ACLs (network access control lists) are an AWS service or feature that provides the functionality of applying security rules to a subnet for EC2 instances. A subnet is a logical partition of an IP network within a VPC (virtual private cloud). A VPC is a logically isolated section of the AWS Cloud where the company can launch AWS resources in a virtual network that they define. A network ACL is a virtual firewall that controls the inbound and outbound traffic for one or more subnets. The company can use network ACLs to allow or deny traffic based on protocol, port, or source and destination IP address. Network ACLs are stateless, meaning that they do not track the traffic that flows through them. Therefore, the company must create rules for both inbound and outbound traffic4

AWS Shield is a managed DDoS protection service that safeguards applications running on AWS from distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks. DDoS attacks are malicious attempts to disrupt the normal functioning of a website or application by overwhelming it with a large volume of traffic from multiple sources. AWS Shield provides two tiers of protection: Standard and Advanced. AWS Shield Standard is automatically enabled for all AWS customers at no additional cost. It protects your AWS resources, such as Amazon CloudFront, AWS Global Accelerator, and Amazon Route 53, from the most common and frequently occurring network and transport layer DDoS attacks. AWS Shield Advanced is an optional paid service that provides additional protection for your AWS resources and applications, such as Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2), Elastic Load Balancing (ELB), Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3), Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon RDS), and AWS Elastic Beanstalk. AWSShield Advanced offers enhanced detection and mitigation capabilities, 24/7 access to the AWS DDoS Response Team (DRT), real-time visibility and reporting, and cost protection against DDoS-related spikes in your AWS bill12

 AWS Shield, What is a DDOS Attack & How to Protect Your Site Against One

 Amazon Route 53 and AWS WAF are AWS services that can be configured at the Region level. Amazon Route 53 is a highly available and scalable cloud Domain Name System (DNS) web service that lets you register domain names, route traffic to resources, and check the health of your resources. AWS WAF is a web application firewall that helps protect your web applications or APIs against common web exploits that may affect availability, compromise security, or consume excessive resources. Amazon EC2, Amazon CloudFront, and Amazon DynamoDB are AWS services that can be configured at the global level or the Availability Zone level .

AWS Cloud Adoption Framework (AWS CAF) is a tool that helps organizations understand how cloud adoption transforms the way they work, and it provides structure to identify and address gaps in skills and processes. Applying the AWS CAF in your organization results in an actionable plan that helps you prepare the cloud environment, enable your staff with new skills, and migrate your applications. AWS Pricing Calculator is a tool that helps you estimate the cost of AWS services for your use cases and compare the cost of different AWS service configurations. AWS Well-Architected Framework is a tool that helps you review and improve your cloud-based architectures and better understand the business impact of your design decisions. AWS Budgets is a tool that helps you plan your service usage, service costs, and instance reservations, and track how close your plan is to your budgeted amount.

 S3 Glacier Deep Archive is Amazon S3’s lowest-cost storage class and supports long-term retention and digital preservation for data that may be accessed once or twice in a year. It is designed forcustomers — particularly those in highly-regulated industries, such as the Financial Services, Healthcare, and Public Sectors — that retain data sets for 7-10 years or longer to meet regulatory compliance requirements. Customers can store large amounts of data at a very low cost, and reliably access it with a wait time of 12 hours3.

The AWS service that meets the requirement of providing a managed machine learning (ML) service that can recommend products based on a customer’s previous behaviors is Amazon Personalize. Amazon Personalize is a fully managed service that enables developers to create personalized recommendations for customers using their own data. Amazon Personalize can automatically process and examine the data, identify what is meaningful, select the right algorithms, and train andoptimize a personalized recommendation model2. Amazon SageMaker, Amazon Pinpoint, and Amazon Comprehend are other AWS services related to machine learning, but they do not provide the specific functionality of product recommendation.

IAM credential report is a feature that allows you to generate and download a report that lists all IAM users in your AWS account and the status of their various credentials, including access keys and MFA devices. You can use this report to audit the security status of your IAM users and ensure that they follow the best practices for using AWS1.

AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) is a service that allows you to create and manage encryption keys to protect your data. It does not provide information about IAM users or their credentials2.

IAM Access Analyzer is a feature that helps you identify the resources in your AWS account, such as S3 buckets or IAM roles, that are shared with an external entity. It does not provide information about IAM users or their credentials3.

Amazon CloudWatch is a service that monitors and collects metrics, logs, and events from your AWS resources and applications. It does not provide information about IAM users or their credentials4.

AWS CloudTrail is the AWS service that can identify when an Amazon EC2 instance was terminated. AWS CloudTrail is a service that records API calls and events for AWS accounts and resources. AWS CloudTrail can capture the TerminateInstances event, which is triggered when an EC2 instance is terminated by a user or an AWS service. The event contains information such as the instance ID, the user identity, the source IP address, the time, and the reason for the termination12. Customers can use the CloudTrail console, the AWS CLI, or the AWS SDKs to viewand search for the TerminateInstances events in their event history or in their S3 buckets where they store their CloudTrail logs13.

Scaling horizontally across multiple Availability Zones is a way to adopt a highly available architecture, as it increases the fault tolerance and resilience of the application. Scaling vertically to a larger EC2 instance size is a way to improve the performance of the application, but it does not improve the availability. Purchasing an EC2 Dedicated Instance is a way to isolate the instance from other AWS customers, but it does not improve the availability. Changing the EC2 instance family to a compute optimized instance is a way to optimize the instance type for the workload, but it does not improve the availability. These concepts are explained in the AWS Well-Architected Framework2.

 Network ACLs (network access control lists) are an optional layer of security for your VPC that act as a firewall for controlling traffic in and out of one or more subnets. You can use network ACLs to allow or deny traffic based on protocol, port, or source and destination IP address. Network ACLs are stateless, meaning that they do not track the traffic that flows through them. Therefore, you must create rules for both inbound and outbound traffic.

Service control policies (SCPs) are a type of organization policy that you can use to manage permissions in your organization. SCPs offer central control over the maximum available permissions for all accounts in your organization, allowing you to ensure your accounts stay within your organization’s access control guidelines2. SCPs are available only in an organization that has all features enabled2.

A security group is a virtual firewall that can be associated with an Amazon EC2 instance to control the inbound and outbound traffic for the instance. You can specify which protocols, ports, and source or destination IP ranges are allowed or denied by the security group. A network ACL is a stateless filter that can be associated with a subnet to control the traffic to and from the subnet, but it is not associated with an EC2 instance4. AWS WAF is a web application firewall that helps protect your web applications or APIs against common web exploits that may affect availability, compromise security, or consume excessive resources. VPC route tables are used to determine where network traffic is directed within a VPC or to an internet gateway, virtual private gateway, NAT device, VPC peering connection, or VPC endpoint.

The Envision phase of the cloud transformation journey is where the company defines its vision, business drivers, and desired outcomes for the cloud adoption. The company also identifies its capability gaps by using the AWS Cloud Adoption Framework (AWS CAF) perspectives, which are business, people, governance, platform, security, and operations2.

Volume-based discounts are an AWS offering or benefit that can help the company optimize costs based on the amount of storage that the company uses. Volume-based discounts are discounts that AWS provides for some storage services, such as Amazon S3 and Amazon EBS, when the company stores a large amount of data. The more data the company stores, the lower the price per GB. For example, Amazon S3 offers six storage classes, each with a different price per GB. The price per GB decreases as the amount of data stored in each storage class increases

This is a benefit of using an AWS managed service, such as Amazon S3, Amazon DynamoDB, or AWS Lambda. AWS managed services are fully managed by AWS, which means that AWS handles the provisioning, scaling, patching, backup, and recovery of the underlying infrastructure and software. This reduces the operational overhead for the company’s IT staff, who can focus on their core business logic and innovation. You can learn more about the AWS managed services from this webpage or this digital course.

Amazon Aurora is a fully managed MySQL-compatible database that combines the performance and availability of traditional enterprise databases with the simplicity and cost-effectiveness of open-source databases. Amazon Aurora is part of the Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon RDS) family, which means it inherits the benefits of a fully managed service, such as automated backups, patches, scaling, monitoring, and security. Amazon Aurora also offers up to five times the throughput of standard MySQL, as well as high availability, durability, and fault tolerance with up to 15 read replicas, cross-Region replication, and self-healing storage. Amazon Aurora is compatible with the latest versions of MySQL, as well as PostgreSQL, and supports various features and integrations that enhance its functionality and usability123

 Amazon Aurora, Amazon RDS, AWS — Amazon Aurora Overview

Amazon Macie is a fully managed service that uses machine learning and pattern matching to help you detect, classify, and better protect your sensitive data stored in the AWS Cloud1. Macie can automatically discover and scan your Amazon S3 buckets for sensitive data such as personally identifiable information (PII), financial information, healthcare information, intellectual property, and credentials1. Macie also provides you with a dashboard that shows the type, location, and volume of sensitive data in your AWS environment, as well as alerts and findings on potential security issues1.

The other options are not suitable for identifying sensitive data in AWS. Amazon Inspector is a service that helps you find security vulnerabilities and deviations from best practices in your Amazon EC2 instances2. AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) is a service that helps you manage access to your AWS resources by creating users, groups, roles, and policies3. Amazon CloudWatch is a service that helps youmonitor and troubleshoot your AWS resources and applications by collecting metrics, logs, events, and alarms4.

1: What Is Amazon Macie? - Amazon Macie

2: What Is Amazon Inspector? - Amazon Inspector

3: What Is IAM? - AWS Identity and Access Management

4: What Is Amazon CloudWatch? - Amazon CloudWatch

AWS Application Discovery Service is a service that helps you plan your migration to the AWS Cloud by collecting usage and configuration data about your on-premises servers and databases. This data includes information such as the hostname, IP address, and MAC address of each server, as well as the performance metrics, network connections, and processes running on them. You can use AWS Application Discovery Service to discover your on-premises inventory, map the dependencies between servers and applications, and estimate the cost and effort of migrating to AWS. You can also export the data to other AWS services, such as AWS Migration Hub and AWS Database Migration Service, to support your migration tasks. AWS Application Discovery Service offers two ways of performing discovery: agentless discovery and agent-based discovery. Agentless discovery uses a virtual appliance that you deploy on your VMware vCenter to collect data from your virtual machines and hosts. Agent-based discovery uses an agent that you install on each of your physical or virtual servers to collect data. You can choose the method that best suits your environment and needs. AWS DataSync is a service that helps you transfer data between your on-premises storage and AWS storage services, such as Amazon S3, Amazon EFS, and Amazon FSx for Windows File Server. AWS DataSync does not collect information about your on-premises infrastructure, but rather focuses on optimizing the data transfer speed, security, and reliability. AWS Application Migration Service is a service that helps you migrate your applications from your on-premises or cloud environment to AWS without making any changes to the applications, their architecture, or the migrated servers. AWS Application Migration Service does not collect information about your on-premises infrastructure, but rather uses a lightweight agent to replicate your servers as Amazon Machine Images (AMIs) and launch them as EC2 instances on AWS. AWS Database Migration Service is a service that helps you migrate your databases from your on-premises or cloud environment to AWS, either as a one-time migration or as a continuous replication. AWS Database MigrationService does not collect information about your on-premises infrastructure, but rather uses a source and a target endpoint to connect to your databases and transfer the data. References: AWS Application Discovery Service, AWS DataSync, AWS Application Migration Service, [AWS Database Migration Service]

 Amazon ElastiCache is a fully managed in-memory data store and cache service that delivers sub-millisecond response times to applications. You can use ElastiCache as a primary data store for your applications, or as a cache to improve the performance of your existing databases. ElastiCache supports two popular open-source in-memory engines: Redis and Memcached5.

AWS performs some tasks automatically to help you manage and secure your AWS resources. One of these tasks is patching Amazon EC2 instances. AWS provides two options for patching your EC2 instances: managed instances and patch baselines. Managed instances are a group of EC2 instances or on-premises servers that you can manage using AWS Systems Manager. Patch baselines define the patches that AWS Systems Manager applies to your instances. You can use AWS Systems Manager to automate the process of patching your instances based on a schedule or a maintenance window.

AWS Elastic Beanstalk is the AWS service that allows customers to deploy applications in the AWS Cloud as quickly as possible. AWS Elastic Beanstalk automatically handles the deployment, from capacity provisioning, load balancing, and auto-scaling to application health monitoring. Customers can upload their code and Elastic Beanstalk will take care of the rest1. AWS Elastic Beanstalk also minimizes the complexity that is related to the management of AWS resources. Customers can retain full control of the underlying AWS resources powering their applications and adjust the settings to suittheir needs1. Customers can also use the AWS Management Console, the AWS Command Line Interface (AWS CLI), or APIs to manage their applications1.

AWS Config is the AWS service that enables customers to assess, audit, and evaluate the configurations of their AWS resources. AWS Config continuously monitors and records the configuration changes of the resources and evaluates them against desired configurations or best practices2. AWS Config does not help customers deploy applications in the AWS Cloud as quickly as possible or minimize the complexity that is related to the management of AWS resources.

Amazon EC2 is the AWS service that provides secure, resizable compute capacity in the cloud. Customers can launch virtual servers called instances and choose from various configurations of CPU, memory, storage, and networking resources3. Amazon EC2 does not automatically handle the deployment or management of AWS resources for customers. Customers have to manually provision, configure, monitor, and scale their instances and other related resources.

Amazon Personalize is the AWS service that enables customers to create personalized recommendations for their users based on their behavior and preferences. Amazon Personalize uses machine learning to analyze data and deliver real-time recommendations4. Amazon Personalize does not help customers deploy applications in the AWS Cloud as quickly as possible or minimize the complexity that is related to the management of AWS resources.

The solution that achieves the goal of having Amazon EC2 instances share the same geographic area but use multiple independent underlying power sources is to use EC2 instances in multiple Availability Zones in the same AWS Region. An Availability Zone is a physically isolated location within an AWS Region that has its own power, cooling, and network connectivity. An AWS Region is a geographical area that consists of two or more Availability Zones. By using multiple Availability Zones, users can increase the fault tolerance and resilience of their applications, as well as reduce latency for end users3. Using EC2 instances in a single Availability Zone, multiple AWS Regions, or the same edge location and the same AWS Region would not meet the requirement of having multiple independent power sources.

Amazon Cognito is a service that enables you to add user sign-up and sign-in features to your web and mobile applications. Amazon Cognito also supports social and enterprise identity federation, which means you can allow your users to sign in with their existing credentials from identity providers such as Google, Facebook, Apple, and Amazon. Amazon Cognito integrates with OpenID Connect (OIDC) and Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) 2.0 protocols to facilitate the authentication and authorization process. Amazon Cognito also provides advanced security features, such as adaptive authentication, user verification, and multi-factor authentication (MFA). References: Amazon Cognito, What is Amazon Cognito?

AWS Business Support is the most cost-effective AWS Support plan that provides chat access to a cloud support engineer 24/7. AWS Business Support also offers phone and email support, as well as a response time of less than one hour for urgent issues. AWS Business Support does not include access to infrastructure event management, which is a feature of AWS Enterprise Support. AWS Enterprise Support is more expensive and provides additional benefits, such as a technical account manager, a support concierge, and a response time of less than 15 minutes for critical issues. AWS Developer Support and AWS Basic Support do not provide chat access to a cloud support engineer. AWS Developer Support provides email support and a response time of less than 12 hours for general guidance issues. AWS Basic Support provides customer service and account support, as well as access to forums and documentation1

Reserved Instances are a pricing model that offers significant discounts on Amazon EC2 usage compared to On-Demand Instances. Reserved Instances are suitable for stateful workloads that have predictable and consistent usage patterns for a long-term period. By committing to a one-year or three-year term, customers can reduce their total cost of ownership and optimize their cloud spend. Reserved Instances also provide capacity reservation, ensuring that customers have access to the EC2 instances they need when they need them. References: AWS Pricing Calculator, Amazon EC2 Pricing, [AWS Cloud Practitioner Essentials: Module 3 - Compute in the Cloud]

 Using AWS Artifact to access AWS documents about the compliance of the services, and getting the compliance of the application certified by a company assessor are actions that the company should take to meet the requirements of complying with credit card regulatory requirements. AWS Artifact is a service that provides on-demand access to AWS security and compliance reports and select online agreements. Reports available in AWS Artifact include our Service Organization Control (SOC) reports, Payment Card Industry (PCI) reports, and certifications from accreditation bodies across geographies and compliance verticals that validate the implementation and operating effectiveness of AWS security controls. AWS Artifact can help you demonstrate compliance with credit card regulatory requirements by providing you with proof that the AWS services and deployment are in compliance. Getting the compliance of the application certified by a company assessor is an action that the company should take to ensure that the application meets the specific requirements of the credit card industry. A company assessor is an independent third-party entity that is qualified to assess the compliance of the application with the relevant standards and regulations. Using Amazon Inspector to submit the application for certification is not an action that the company should take, because Amazon Inspector is a service that helps you improve the security and compliance of your applications deployed on AWS by automatically assessing them for vulnerabilities and deviations from best practices, but it does not provide certification for the applications. Ensuring that the application’s underlying hardware components comply with requirements is not an action that the company should take, because the application is deployed on AWS, and AWS is responsible for the security and compliance of the underlying hardware components. This is part of the shared responsibility model, where AWS is responsible for security of the cloud, and customers are responsible for security in the cloud. Using AWS Security Hub to certify the compliance of the application is not an action that the company should take, because AWS Security Hub is a service that gives you a comprehensive view of your security posture acrossyour AWS accounts and helps you check your environment against security industry standards and best practices, but it does not provide certification for the applications.

Amazon DynamoDB is a key-value and document database that delivers single-digit millisecond performance at any scale. It is a fully managed, serverless database that does not require provisioning, patching, or backup. It offers built-in security, backup and restore, and in-memory caching3. Amazon RDS is a relational database service that makes it easy to set up, operate, and scale a relational database in the cloud. It provides cost-efficient and resizable capacity while automating time-consuming administration tasks such as hardware provisioning, database setup, patching, and backups. However, it is not a key-value NoSQL database, and it is not serverless, as it requires you to choose an instance type and size4. Amazon Aurora is a MySQL and PostgreSQL-compatible relational database built for the cloud, that combines the performance and availability of traditional enterprise databases with the simplicity and cost-effectiveness of open source databases. However, it is also not a key-value NoSQL database, and it is not serverless, as it requires you to choose an instance type and size. Amazon MemoryDB for Redis is a Redis-compatible, durable, in-memory database service that delivers ultra-fast performance and multi-AZ reliability for the most demanding applications. However, it is also not a key-value NoSQL database, and it is not serverless, as it requires you to choose a node type and size.

According to the AWS shared responsibility model, AWS is responsible for the security of the cloud, which includes the virtualization layer down to the physical security of the facilities in which AWSservices operate1. The customer is responsible for the security in the cloud, which includes the configuration and management of the AWS resources and applications that they use1.

Amazon Kendra is a highly accurate and easy to use intelligent search service powered by machine learning. It enables users to easily find the content they are looking for, even when it is scattered across multiple locations and content repositories within their organization. Amazon Kendra supports natural language queries, and can search fortext in documents stored in Amazon S3, as well as other sources such as SharePoint, OneDrive, Salesforce, ServiceNow, and more1.

Amazon Rekognition is a computer vision service that makes it easy to add image and video analysis to applications. It can detect objects, faces, text, scenes, activities, and emotions in images and videos. However, it is not designed for searching for text in documents stored in Amazon S32.

Amazon Polly is a text-to-speech service that turns text into lifelike speech. It can create audio versions of books, articles, podcasts, and more. However, it is not designed for searching for text in documents stored in Amazon S33.

Amazon Lex is a service for building conversational interfaces using voice and text. It can create chatbots that can interact with users using natural language. However, it is not designed for searching for text in documents stored in Amazon S34.

Rightsizing is the cloud concept that is demonstrated by using AWS Compute Optimizer. Rightsizing is the process of adjusting the type and size of your cloud resources to match the optimal performance and cost for your workloads. AWS Compute Optimizer is a service that analyzes the configuration and utilization metrics of your AWS resources, such as Amazon EC2 instances, Amazon EBS volumes, AWS Lambda functions, and Amazon ECS services on AWS Fargate. It reports whether your resources are optimal, and generates optimization recommendations to reduce the cost and improve the performance of your workloads. AWS Compute Optimizer uses machine learning to analyze your historical utilization data and compare it with the most cost-effective AWS alternatives. You can use the recommendations toevaluate the trade-offs between cost and performance, and decide when to move or resize your resources to achieve the best results. References: Workload Rightsizing - AWS Compute Optimizer - AWS, What is AWS Compute Optimizer? - AWS Compute Optimizer

Savings Plans are an AWS pricing model or offering that can meet the requirements of seeking cost savings in exchange for a commitment to use a specific amount of an AWS service or category of AWS services for 1 year or 3 years. Savings Plans are flexible plans that offer significant discounts on AWS compute usage, such as EC2, Lambda, and Fargate. The company can choose from two types of Savings Plans: Compute Savings Plans and EC2 Instance Savings Plans. Compute Savings Plans provide the most flexibility and apply to any eligible compute usage, regardless of instance family, size, region, operating system, or tenancy. EC2 Instance Savings Plans provide more savings and apply to a specific instance family within a region. The company can select the amount of compute usage per hour (e.g., $10/hour) that they want to commit to for the duration of the plan (1 year or 3 years). The company will pay the discounted Savings Plan rate for the amount of usage that matches their commitment, and the regular on-demand rate for any usage beyond that

 AWS Personal Health Dashboard and AWS Service Health Dashboard are two AWS services that can help the company to verify that underlying AWS services and general AWS infrastructure are operating normally. AWS Personal Health Dashboard provides a personalized view into the performance and availability of the AWS services you are using, as well as alerts that are automatically triggered by changes in the health of those services. In addition to event-based alerts, Personal Health Dashboard provides proactive notifications of scheduled activities, such as any changes to the infrastructure powering your resources, enabling you to better plan for events that may affect you. These notifications can be delivered to you via email or mobile for quick visibility, and can always be viewed from within the AWS Management Console. When you get an alert, it includes detailed information and guidance, enabling you to take immediate action to address AWS events impacting your resources3. AWS Service Health Dashboard provides a general status of AWS services, and the Service health view displays the current and historical status of all AWS services. This page shows reported service events for services across AWS Regions. You don’t need to sign in or have an AWS account to access the AWS Service Health Dashboard – Service health page. You can also subscribe to RSS feeds for specific services or regions to receive notifications about service events4. References: Gettingstarted with your AWS Health Dashboard – Your account health, Introducing AWS Personal Health Dashboard

 C is correct because moving a workload from a local data center to an architecture that is distributed between the local data center and the AWS Cloud is an example of an on-premises to hybrid migration. A hybrid cloud is a cloud computing environment that uses a mix of on-premises, private cloud, and public cloud services with orchestration between the platforms. A is incorrect because on-premises to cloud native migration is the process of moving a workload from a local data center to an architecture that is fully hosted and managed on the AWS Cloud. B is incorrect because hybrid to cloud native migration is the process of moving a workload from an architecture that is distributed between the local data center and the AWS Cloud to an architecture that is fully hosted and managed on the AWS Cloud. D is incorrect because cloud native to hybrid migration is the process of moving a workload from an architecture that is fully hosted and managed on the AWS Cloud to an architecture that is distributed between the local data center and the AWS Cloud.

IAM access keys are long-term credentials that consist of an access key ID and a secret access key. You use access keys to sign programmatic requests that you make to AWS. If you need to access AWS services from an on-premises application, you can use IAM access keys to authenticate your requests. AWS account user name and password are used to sign in to the AWS Management Console. Amazon EC2 key pairs are used to connect to your EC2 instances using SSH. AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) keys are used to encrypt and decrypt your data using the AWS Encryption SDK or the AWS CLI.

 The AWS Well-Architected Framework is a set of best practices and guidelines for designing and operating reliable, secure, efficient, and cost-effective systems in the cloud. The framework consists of five pillars: operational excellence, performance efficiency, reliability, security, and cost optimization. The security pillar covers the AWS shared responsibility model, which defines the security and compliance responsibilities of AWS and the customers. You can learn more about the AWS Well-Architected Framework from [this whitepaper] or [this digital course].

Amazon S3 is an AWS service that provides scalable, durable, and cost-effective object storage in the cloud. Amazon S3 can store any amount and type of data, such as server logs, and offers various storage classes with different performance and pricing characteristics. Amazon S3 is the most cost-effective option for storing server logs, as it offers low-cost storage classes, such as S3 Standard-Infrequent Access (S3 Standard-IA) and S3 Intelligent-Tiering, that are suitable for infrequently accessed or changing access patterns data. Amazon S3 also integrates with other AWS services, such as Amazon Athena and Amazon OpenSearch Service, that can query the server logs directly from S3 without requiring any additional data loading or transformation. References: Amazon S3, Amazon S3 Storage Classes, Querying Data in Amazon S3

Amazon CloudFront and AWS Global Accelerator are two AWS services that make use of global edge locations. Edge locations are AWS sites that are deployed worldwide in major cities and places with a high population. Edge locations are used to cache data and reduce latency for end-user access1.

Amazon CloudFront is a content delivery network (CDN) service that securely delivers data, videos, applications, and APIs to customers globally with low latency and high transfer speeds. Amazon CloudFront uses a global network of over 200 edge locations and 13 regional edge caches to cache your content closer to your viewers, improving performance and reducing costs23.

AWS Global Accelerator is a networking service that improves the availability and performance of your applications with local or global users. AWS Global Accelerator uses the AWS global network to route user traffic to the optimal endpoint based on health, performance, and policies. AWS Global Accelerator uses over 100 edge locations to bring your application endpoints closer to your users, reducing networkhops and improving user experience45. References: 1: AWS for the Edge - Amazon Web Services (AWS), 2: Content Delivery Network (CDN) - Amazon CloudFront - AWS, 3: Amazon CloudFront Documentation, 4: AWS Global Accelerator - Amazon Web Services, 5: AWS Global Accelerator Documentation

Consolidated billing is a feature of AWS Organizations that enables customers to consolidate billing and payment for multiple AWS accounts. With consolidated billing, customers can group multiple AWS accounts under one payer account, making it easier to manage billing and track costs across multiple accounts. Consolidated billing also offers benefits such as volume discounts, Reserved Instance discounts, and Savings Plans discounts. Consolidated billing is offered at no additional cost.

Multiple AWS accounts is a feature of AWS Organizations that enables customers to create and manage multiple AWS accounts from a central location. With multiple AWS accounts, customers can isolate workloads for different departments, projects, or environments, and apply granular access controls and policies to each account. Multiple AWS accounts also helps customers improve security, compliance, and governance of their AWS resources56. References: 5: Consolidated billing for AWS Organizations - AWS Billing, 6: Understanding Consolidated Bills - AWS Billing, 7: AWS Consolidated Billing: Tutorial & Best Practices, 8: Simplifying Your Bills With Consolidated Billing on AWS - Aimably, 9: AWS Consolidated Billing - W3Schools

AWS Direct Connectis a cloud service solution that makes it easy to establish a dedicated network connection from your premises to AWS. This requires the use of an Internet Service Provider (ISP) and a colocation facility to connect to the Direct Connect location. It provides a private, high-speed, low-latency connection that does not go over the public internet.

A. AWS VPN: Incorrect, as AWS VPN establishes secure connections over the internet and does not necessarily require a colocation facility.

B. Amazon Connect: Incorrect, as it is a cloud-based contact center service.

D. Internet Gateway: Incorrect, as it is a horizontally scaled, redundant, and highly available VPC component that allows communication between instances in your VPC and the internet.

AWS Cloud References:

AWS Direct Connect

 Amazon Neptune is a fully managed graph database service on AWS. A graph database is a type of database that stores and queries data as a network of nodes and edges, representing entities and relationships. Graph databases are useful for applications that deal with highly connected data, such as social networks, recommendation engines, fraud detection, and knowledge graphs45. Amazon Neptune is a fast, reliable, and scalable graph database service that supports two popular graph models: property graphs and RDF. Amazon Neptune also supports two open standards for querying graphs: Apache TinkerPop Gremlin and SPARQL. Amazon Neptune handles the heavy lifting of managing the database, such as provisioning, patching, backup, recovery, encryption, and replication456. References: 4: Managed Graph Database - Amazon Neptune - AWS, 5: Amazon Neptune – A Fully Managed Graph Database Service, 6: Working with AWS Neptune. Neptune is a fully-managed graph … - Medium

AWS Cloud Development Kit (AWS CDK) is an open source software development framework that allows you to model and provision your cloud infrastructure using familiar programming languages such as TypeScript, Python, Java, and .NET. AWS CDK enables you to use the expressive power of your favorite language to define your cloud resources, such as compute, storage, network, and application services. AWS CDK also provides a library of high-level constructs that represent AWS services and best practices. AWS CDK uses AWS CloudFormation in the background to deploy your resources in a safe and repeatable manner12. References:

AWS Cloud Development Kit (CDK) – TypeScript and Python are Now Generally Available

AWS Cloud Development Kit (AWS CDK) - Introduction to DevOps on AWS

AWS Service Catalog enables companies to create, manage, and distribute catalogs of approved infrastructure as code (IaC) templates and software configurations. This service supports infrastructure automation by allowing users to deploy resources using predefined templates, which align with the company's policies and best practices. It helps in managing cloud resources at scale by utilizing IaC principles, enabling consistent deployments, and enforcing governance across AWS resources. AWS Service Catalog is an excellent choice for organizations implementing IaC.

AWS Budgetsallows users to set custom cost and usage budgets and receive notifications when they exceed their thresholds. It provides detailed reports on cost and usage data for the past and current months, enabling the finance team to track and analyze spending.

AWS Budgets can automatically generate cost and usage reports, which can help the finance team plan ahead for each quarter based on historical data.

Why other options are not suitable:

A. Amazon Detective: A security service for analyzing and investigating AWS account activity for security purposes, not cost tracking.

B. AWS Pricing Calculator: A tool to estimate costs based on expected usage, not for tracking actual past usage.

D. AWS Savings Plans: An offering to save costs on AWS usage; it does not provide cost tracking or reporting features.

AWS Software Development Kit (SDK) is a set of platform-specific tools for developers that let them integrate AWS service features directly into their applications. AWS SDKs provide libraries, code samples, documentation, and other resources to help developers write code that interacts with AWS APIs. AWS SDKs support various programming languages, such as Java, Python, Ruby, .NET, Node.js, Go, and more. AWS SDKs make it easier for developers to access AWS services, such as Amazon S3, Amazon EC2, Amazon DynamoDB, AWS Lambda, and more, from their applications. AWS SDKs also handle tasks such as authentication, error handling, retries, and data serialization, so developers can focus on their application logic.

AnApplication Load Balancer (ALB)is the best choice for distributing incoming HTTP/HTTPS traffic evenly across multiple Amazon EC2 instances. It operates at theapplication layer (Layer 7 of the OSI model) and is specifically designed to handle HTTP and HTTPS traffic, which is ideal for web applications.

Here is why the ALB is the correct choice:

Layer 7 Load Balancing: The ALB works at the application layer and provides advanced routing capabilities based on content. It can inspect the incoming HTTP requests and make decisions on how to route traffic to various backend targets, which include Amazon EC2 instances, containers, or Lambda functions. This is particularly useful for web applications where you need to make routing decisions based on HTTP headers, paths, or query strings.

HTTP and HTTPS Support: The ALB natively supports HTTP and HTTPS protocols, making it the ideal load balancer for web-based applications. It can efficiently manage and route these types of traffic and handle tasks such as SSL/TLS termination.

Health Checks: The ALB can continuously monitor the health of the registered EC2 instances and only route traffic to healthy instances. This ensures high availability and reliability of the web application.

Path-based and Host-based Routing: The ALB can route traffic based on the URL path or host header. This feature allows the same load balancer to serve multiple applications hosted on different domains or subdomains.

Integration with Auto Scaling: The ALB can integrate seamlessly with Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling. As the number of EC2 instances increases or decreases, the ALB automatically includes the new instances in its traffic distribution pool, ensuring even distribution of incoming requests.

WebSocket Support: It also supports WebSocket and HTTP/2 protocols, which are essential for modern web applications that require real-time, bidirectional communication.

Why other options are not suitable:

A. Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling: This service is used to automatically scale the number of EC2 instances up or down based on specified conditions. However, it does not provide load balancing capabilities. It works well with load balancers but does not handle the distribution of incoming traffic by itself.

C. Gateway Load Balancer: This is designed to distribute traffic to virtual appliances like firewalls, IDS/IPS systems, or deep packet inspection systems. It operates at Layer 3 (Network Layer) and is not ideal for distributing HTTP/HTTPS traffic to EC2 instances.

D. Network Load Balancer: This load balancer operates at Layer 4 (Transport Layer) and is designed to handle millions of requests per second while maintaining ultra-low latencies. It is best suited for TCP, UDP, and TLS traffic but does not provide advanced Layer 7 routing features required for HTTP/HTTPS traffic.

According to the AWS shared responsibility model, AWS is responsible for the security of the cloud, while the customer is responsible for the security in the cloud. This means that AWS is responsible for protecting the infrastructure that runs all of the services offered in the AWS Cloud, such as the global network, the hardware, the software, and the facilities. The customer is responsible for properly configuring the security of the provided service, such as the guest operating system, the application software, the data, and the network traffic. For abstracted services, such as Amazon RDS, AWS operates the infrastructure layer, the operating system, and the database software, while the customer is responsible for managing their data, classifying their assets, and using IAM tools to apply the appropriate permissions12.

Therefore, the tasks that are the customer’s responsibility are:

Perform client-side data encryption: The customer is responsible for encrypting their data before sending it to AWS, and decrypting it after receiving it from AWS. This ensures that the data is protected in transit and at rest. AWS provides various encryption options, such as AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS), AWS CloudHSM, and AWS Certificate Manager (ACM)3.

Configure IAM credentials: The customer is responsible for creating and managing IAM users, groups, roles, and policies that control the access to AWS resources and services. IAM credentials include user names, passwords, access keys, and permissions4.

The tasks that are not the customer’s responsibility are:

Establish the global infrastructure: AWS is responsible for building and maintaining the global network of regions, availability zones, and edge locations that provide low latency, high availability, and fault tolerance for the AWS Cloud5.

Secure edge locations: AWS is responsible for protecting the physical security of the edge locations, which are sites that deliver cached content to end users with improved performance6.

Patch Amazon RDS DB instances: AWS is responsible for applying patches and updates to the operating system and the database software of the Amazon RDS DB instances, which are managed relational database service for MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle, SQL Server, and Amazon Aurora. References:

Shared Responsibility Model - Amazon Web Services (AWS)

Shared responsibility model - Amazon Web Services: Risk and Compliance

Encryption - Amazon Web Services (AWS)

What Is IAM? - AWS Identity and Access Management

Global Infrastructure - Amazon Web Services (AWS)

Amazon CloudFront Features - Content Delivery Network (CDN)

[What Is Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon RDS)? - Amazon Relational Database Service]

A Network Access Control List (ACL) is a stateless network filtering mechanism provided by AWS for controlling traffic in and out of subnets within a VPC. Unlike security groups, which are stateful, network ACLs are stateless. This means that they do not automatically allow responses to inbound traffic unlessexplicitly specified. Network ACLs allow you to set rules for both inbound and outbound traffic, making them suitable for stateless filtering. Security groups, on the other hand, are stateful, while AWS WAF is primarily for web application-level security. AWS PrivateLink is used for privately connecting VPCs to AWS services without using an internet gateway. Therefore, for stateless network filtering, Network ACL is the correct choice.

AWS Direct Connect is a cloud service solution that makes it easy to establish a dedicated network connection from your premises to AWS. Using AWS Direct Connect, you can establish private connectivity between AWS and your datacenter, office, or colocation environment, which in many cases can reduce your network costs, increase bandwidth throughput, and provide a more consistent network experience than internet-based connections12. References: 1: Dedicated Network Connection - AWS Direct Connect - AWS, 2: What is AWS Direct Connect? - AWS Direct Connect

AWS Direct Connect is a service that establishes a dedicated network connection between your on-premises network and one or more AWS Regions. AWS Direct Connect can be used to create a private connection between an on-premises workload and an AWS Cloud workload, bypassing the public internet and reducing network costs, latency, and bandwidth issues. AWS Direct Connect can also provide increased security and reliability for your hybrid cloud applications and data transfers. References:

AWS Direct Connect

What is AWS Direct Connect?

AWS Direct Connect User Guide

Understanding IAM Roles: IAM (Identity and Access Management) roles in AWS are designed to delegate access permissions without sharing long-term security credentials. This means applications and services can use temporary security credentials, which enhances security.

Why IAM Roles are Best Practice:

Least Privilege Principle: By using IAM roles, you can ensure that applications only have the minimum permissions they need to function, reducing the risk of unauthorized access.

Temporary Credentials: Roles provide temporary security credentials, which reduce the risk if they are compromised compared to long-term access keys.

Automated Rotation: Temporary credentials automatically expire and are rotated, which means you don’t have to manage the rotation manually.

How to Implement IAM Roles:

Create an IAM Role: In the AWS Management Console, navigate to IAM, and create a new role. Choose the type of trusted entity (e.g., EC2, Lambda).

Attach Policies: Attach the necessary policies to the role that define the permissions for accessing the S3 bucket.

Assign Role to Service: Attach the IAM role to your EC2 instances, Lambda functions, or other AWS services that need to access the S3 bucket.

Use AWS SDKs: When accessing S3 from your application, use the AWS SDKs to automatically assume the IAM role and obtain temporary credentials.

AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)

IAM Roles

According to the AWS shared responsibility model, the customer is responsible for the security in the cloud, which includes configuring firewalls and networks. AWS provides security groups and network access control lists (NACLs) as firewall features that customers can use to control the traffic to andfrom their AWS resources. Customers are also responsible for managing their own virtual private clouds (VPCs), subnets, route tables, internet gateways, and other network components. AWS is responsible for the security of the cloud, which includes the physical security of the facilities, thehost operating system and virtualization layer, and the AWS global network infrastructure12. References:

Shared Responsibility Model - Amazon Web Services (AWS)

Shared responsibility model - Amazon Web Services: Risk and Compliance

Understanding Amazon Snowball Edge: Amazon Snowball Edge is a data migration and edge computing device that helps in transferring large amounts of data to and from AWS.

No-Cost Activities:

Transfer into S3: AWS does not charge for transferring data from the Snowball Edge device into Amazon S3. This is part of the service to facilitate easy data migration into the AWS cloud.

Other Costs: The use of the Snowball Edge appliance for up to 10 days is included in the service fee. However, any usage beyond the 10-day period may incur additional costs.

How to Utilize Snowball Edge:

Order the Device: Use the AWS Management Console to order a Snowball Edge device.

Load Data: Transfer your data onto the Snowball Edge appliance.

Ship Back: Ship the device back to AWS, where the data will be uploaded to Amazon S3 at no additional cost.

Amazon Snowball Edge Pricing

Amazon Snowball Edge Documentation

All Upfront Reserved Instances offer the most cost-effective solution for a workload that will run continuously for one year without interruption. By paying upfront, the user receives the maximum discount over the On-Demand pricing model. Partial Upfront Reserved Instances and Dedicated Instances are more expensive than All Upfront Reserved Instances. On-Demand Instances are not cost-effective for continuous long-term workloads due to their higher hourly rates.

Compute Savings Plans provide the most flexibility and help to reduce your costs by up to 66%. These plans automatically apply to EC2 instance usage regardless of instance family, size, AZ, Region, OS or tenancy, and also apply to Fargate or Lambda usage. For example, with Compute Savings Plans, you can change from C4 to M5 instances, shift a workload from EU (Ireland) to EU (London), or move a workload from EC2 to Fargate or Lambda at any time and automatically continue to pay the Savings Plans price.

AWS Budgets is a service that allows you to set custom budgets for your AWS costs and usage, and receive alerts via email or Amazon SNS notifications if you exceed or are forecasted to exceed your budgeted amount1. You can create budgets based on different dimensions, such as service, linked account, tag, or purchase option, and define various types of alerts, such as actual, forecasted, or RI utilization alerts2. You can also configure custom actions to automatically execute remediation tasks or workflows when a budget threshold is breached3. AWS Budgets is the only service among the options that can send alerts to customers if custom spending thresholds are exceeded. The other options are not AWS services that provide this functionality.

TheReliabilitypillar of the AWS Well-Architected Framework focuses on the ability of a system to recover from failures and disruptions, dynamically acquire computing resources to meet demand, and mitigate disruptions such as misconfigurations or network issues. This includes the ability to automatically recover from service interruptions and implement mechanisms that anticipate, respond to, and prevent failures.

A. Security: Incorrect, as it focuses on protecting information, systems, and assets while delivering business value.

B. Performance efficiency: Incorrect, as it focuses on using IT and computing resources efficiently.

C. Operational excellence: Incorrect, as it focuses on operations in the cloud, including monitoring and managing systems.

AWS Cloud References:

AWS Well-Architected Framework - Reliability Pillar

AWS Secrets Manageris the most secure way to store and manage sensitive information, such as passwords, database credentials, and API keys. Secrets Manager allows you to:

Securely store and rotate secrets.

Automatically manage secret rotation without disrupting applications.

Integrate with AWS services and third-party applications to retrieve secrets securely.

Why other options are not suitable:

A. Store passwords in an Amazon S3 bucket: Although S3 is secure, it is not designed for secret management. It lacks built-in secret rotation and fine-grained access control for sensitive data.

B. Store passwords as AWS CloudFormation parameters: CloudFormation is used for managing infrastructure as code, not for securely storing passwords.

C. Store passwords in AWS Storage Gateway: A service for hybrid storage integration, not suitable for storing secrets or passwords.

AWS Application Migration Service (AWS MGN) is the primary service for migrating Amazon EC2 instances and on-premises servers to AWS, and it supports migration from one AWS Region to another. It automates the process of replicating and converting the source servers (including their applications, configurations, and data) to run natively on AWS. AWS Database Migration Service (DMS) is for migrating databases, AWS DataSync is for data transfer, and AWS Migration Hub provides a single location to track migration tasks across multiple AWS services but does not perform the migration itself.

 IAM roles are a secure way to grant permissions to applications running on an Amazon EC2 instance to make calls to other AWS services. IAM roles are entities that have specific permissions policies attached to them. You can create an IAM role and associate it with an EC2 instance when you launch it or later. The applications on the instance can then use the temporary credentials provided by the role to access AWS resources that the role allows. This way, you do not have tostore any long-term credentials or access keys on the instance, which reduces the risk of compromise or misuse12.

The other options are not correct, because:

Security groups are virtual firewalls that control the inbound and outbound traffic for your EC2 instances. Security groups do not grant permissions to access other AWS services, but rather filter the network traffic based on rules that you define3.

AWS Firewall Manager is a service that helps you centrally configure and manage firewall rules across your accounts and resources. AWS Firewall Manager works with AWS WAF, AWS Shield Advanced, and Amazon VPC security groups. AWS Firewall Manager does not grant permissions to access other AWS services, but rather helps you enforce consistent security policies across your AWS infrastructure4.

IAM user SSH keys are credentials that allow you to connect to your EC2 instance using SSH. SSH keys do not grant permissions to access other AWS services, but rather authenticate your identity when you log in to your instance5.

Using an IAM role to grant permissions to applications running on Amazon EC2 instances - AWS Identity and Access Management

IAM roles for Amazon EC2 - Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud

Security groups for your VPC - Amazon Virtual Private Cloud

What is AWS Firewall Manager? - AWS Firewall Manager

Connecting to your Linux instance using SSH - Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud

Amazon CloudFront is a fast content delivery network (CDN) service that securely delivers data, videos, applications, and APIs to customers globally with low latency, high transfer speeds, all within a developer-friendly environment. CloudFront enables companies to deploy an application close to end users by caching the application’s content at edge locations that are geographically closer to the users. This reduces the network latency and improves the user experience. CloudFront also integrates with other AWS services, such as Amazon S3, Amazon EC2, AWS Lambda, AWS Shield, and AWS WAF, to provide a secure and scalable solution for delivering applications12. References:

What Is Amazon CloudFront? - Amazon CloudFront

Amazon CloudFront Features - Amazon CloudFront

AWS Trusted Advisor is the service that can meet these requirements. AWS Trusted Advisor is a service that helps you optimize your AWS environment by providing recommendations based on AWS best practices. Trusted Advisor continuously evaluates your AWS resources and services across five categories: cost optimization, performance, service limits, fault tolerance, and security. You can view the recommendations on the Trusted Advisor console or access them programmatically using the Trusted Advisor API. You can also set up notifications and alerts for any changes in the status of your checks. Trusted Advisor can help you improve your AWS environment by reducing costs, enhancing performance, increasing security, and ensuring reliability12. The other services are not designed to provide best practice recommendations in five categories. AWS Shield is a service that protects your AWS resources from distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks. AWS WAF is a service that helps you protect your web applications from common web exploits. AWS Service Catalog is a service that enables you to create and manage catalogs of IT services that are approved for use on AWS34 . References: AWS Trusted Advisor, Achieve operational excellence with AWS Trusted Advisor, AWS Shield, AWS WAF, [AWS Service Catalog]

AWS Storage Gatewayis a hybrid cloud storage service that provides on-premises access to virtually unlimited cloud storage. TheFile Gatewayconfiguration allows for on-premises applications to store data in Amazon S3 using NFS and SMB protocols, while keeping frequently accessed data cached locally. This meets the company's requirement for cloud-based storage that is locally cached.

B. AWS Snowcone: Incorrect, as it is a portable edge computing and storage device, not a storage service that provides local caching for cloud storage.

C. AWS Backup: Incorrect, as it is a centralized backup service to automate data protection across AWS services but does not provide local caching.

D. Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS): Incorrect, as it provides scalable file storage for use with Amazon EC2 but does not offer local caching for on-premises storage needs.

AWS Cloud References:

AWS Storage Gateway

TheBusiness perspectiveof the AWS Cloud Adoption Framework (AWS CAF) focuses on ensuring that cloud investments align with business strategies and that the organization achieves business value from cloud adoption. It provides real-time insights into the organization's strategic goals, financial objectives, and metrics.

This perspective helps answer questions about strategy, ensuring that cloud adoption aligns with the organization's long-term business goals.

Why other options are not suitable:

A. Operations: Focuses on operating cloud environments effectively.

B. People: Focuses on human resources and organizational structure.

D. Platform: Focuses on infrastructure and architecture.

AWS KMS is the service that is used to provide encryption for Amazon EBS. AWS KMS is a managed service that enables you to easily create and control the encryption keys used to encrypt your data.Amazon EBS uses AWS KMS to encrypt and decrypt your EBS volumes and snapshots. You can choose to use either the default AWS managed CMK or your own customer managed CMK for encryption. AWS KMS also provides features such as key rotation, audit logging, and access control policies to help you manage your encryption keys and protect your data12. The other services are not used to provide encryption for Amazon EBS. AWS Certificate Manager is a service that lets you provision, manage, and deploy public and private SSL/TLScertificates for use with AWS services and your internal connected resources3. AWS Systems Manager is a service that provides a unified user interface to view and manage your AWS resources, automate common operational tasks, and apply compliance policies4. AWS Config is a service that enables you to assess, audit, and evaluate the configurations of your AWS resources. References: Amazon EBS encryption, AWS Key Management Service, AWS Certificate Manager, AWS Systems Manager, [AWS Config]

The correct answer is B and C. EC2 Amazon Machine Images (AMIs) and Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) snapshots are two AWS services that provide disaster recovery solutions for Amazon EC2 instances.

EC2 AMIs are preconfigured templates that contain the software configuration and data required to launch an EC2 instance. You can create AMIs from your running EC2 instances and use them to launch new instances in the same or different AWS Regions. This way, you can quickly recover your EC2 instances in case of a disaster that affects your primary Region or Availability Zone1.

Amazon EBS snapshots are incremental backups of your Amazon EBS volumes. You can create snapshots of your volumes and store them in Amazon S3, which is a highly durable and scalable storage service. You can use snapshots to restore your volumes to a previous point in time or to create new volumes from snapshots. Snapshots can also be copied across AWS Regions, enabling you to recover your data in another Region in case of a disaster2.

The other options are not directly related to disaster recovery for EC2 instances:

EC2 Reserved Instances are a pricing model that allows you to reserve EC2 capacity for a specific period of time and receive a discount on the hourly charge. Reserved Instances do not provide any disaster recovery benefits, as they are only a billing option3.

AWS Shield is a managed service that protects your AWS resources from distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks. AWS Shield provides basic protection for all AWS customers at no additional charge, and advanced protection for customers who need higher levels of detection and mitigation. AWS Shield does not provide any disaster recovery benefits, as it is only a security service4.

Amazon GuardDuty is a threat detection service that monitors your AWS account and workloads for malicious or unauthorized activity. Amazon GuardDuty analyzes various data sources, such as AWS CloudTrail, Amazon VPC Flow Logs, and DNS logs, to identify potential threats and alert you via Amazon CloudWatch Events or AWS Lambda. Amazon GuardDuty does not provide any disaster recovery benefits, as it is only a monitoring service5.

Under theAWS Shared Responsibility Model, AWS manages securityofthe cloud (such as physical infrastructure and virtualization), while customers are responsible for securityinthe cloud. This means that customers are responsible for:

B. Encrypt data and maintain data integrity: Correct, as customers are responsible for securing their data, including encryption and maintaining its integrity.

D. Maintain identity and access management controls: Correct, as customers are responsible for managing access to their AWS resources, including creating and managing IAM users, roles, and permissions.

A. Secure the virtualization layer: Incorrect, as AWS is responsible for securing the underlying virtualization layer.

C. Patch the Amazon RDS operating system: Incorrect, as AWS handles patching and maintenance of the managed service’s underlying infrastructure.

E. Secure Availability Zones: Incorrect, as AWS is responsible for securing the physical infrastructure, including Availability Zones.

AWS Cloud References:

AWS Shared Responsibility Model

Spot Instances are a type of EC2 instance that let you bid on unused compute capacity, which AWS offers at a discount of up to 90% compared to On-Demand prices1. Spot Instances are suitable for fault-tolerant, stateless, or flexible applications that can handle interruptions2. Spot Instances can be interrupted with a two-minute warning when EC2 needs the capacity back3. The other options are not pricing models that will interrupt a running EC2 instance if capacity becomes temporarily unavailable

Understanding Cost Optimization Recommendations: In AWS, cost optimization involves identifying ways to reduce costs while maintaining or improving performance and capacity.

Top-Level KPI - Estimated Monthly Saving:

Definition: This KPI provides an estimate of how much you can save per month by following the recommended actions.

Importance: It helps you quantify the potential cost savings from rightsizing, purchasing reserved instances, or optimizing resource usage.

Decision-Making: Provides a clear financial benefit to justify changes in your resource configurations.

How to Use Estimated Monthly Saving:

Access Recommendations: Navigate to the AWS Cost Management Console to view rightsizing recommendations.

Review Savings Estimates: Look at the estimated monthly savings for each recommendation to understand the potential financial impact.

Implement Recommendations: Prioritize actions based on the savings estimates to maximize cost reduction.

AWS Cost Management

AWS Rightsizing Recommendations

AWS Glue is a serverless data integration service designed to discover, prepare, move, and integrate data from multiple sources for data analytics and machine learning purposes. It provides a managed ETL (Extract, Transform, Load) service that is ideal for preparing and transforming data for analytics. AWS Data Exchange is used for finding and subscribing to third-party data, Amazon Athena is for querying data stored in Amazon S3 using SQL, and Amazon EMR is for big data processing using Apache Hadoop and Spark, but AWS Glue is specifically designed for data integration and preparation tasks.

Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) is a highly scalable, fast container management service that allows you to run, stop, and manage Docker containers on a cluster of Amazon EC2 instances or a serverless environment powered by AWS Fargate. It provides secure, reliable, and scalable operations for containers, allowing users to deploy containers in a highly secure and reliable manner. Amazon Aurora is a relational database service, Amazon Athena is an interactive query service, and Amazon Polly is a text-to-speech service. Therefore, the correct answer is Amazon ECS.

TheAWS Developer Supportplan is the lowest-cost AWS Support plan that provides basic guidance and technical support for running production workloads. It offers 24/7 access to AWS customer service, documentation, whitepapers, and access to a limited set of Trusted Advisor checks. This plan is ideal for non-critical workloads or early development phases but provides lower levels of support compared to the Business, Enterprise On-Ramp, and Enterprise plans.

B. Enterprise On-Ramp: Incorrect, as it is a higher-cost support plan designed for production workloads needing more guidance and technical support.

C. Enterprise: Incorrect, as it is the most expensive support plan, providing a Technical Account Manager and other premium support features.

D. Business: Incorrect, as it provides comprehensive support for production workloads but is more expensive than the Developer plan.

AWS Cloud References:

AWS Support Plans

Amazon S3 (Simple Storage Service)is a scalable object storage service that allows users to store and retrieve any amount of data at any time from anywhere on the web. S3 provides the ability to make objects (files) publicly accessible via a public URL, which allows users to download files directly. S3 is highly durable, scalable, and secure, making it an ideal service for storing files that need to be accessed publicly.

Why other options are not suitable:

A. Amazon Redshift: A data warehouse service designed for complex queries and analytics, not for storing and publicly sharing files.

B. Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS): Provides block storage for use with EC2 instances, but does not support public URLs or direct file access from the web.

C. Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS): A managed file storage service for use with EC2 instances, not designed for public access via URLs.

The AWS Support plan that provides the full set of AWS Trusted Advisor checks at the lowest cost is theAWS Business Supportplan. The AWS Business Support plan includes access to the complete set of Trusted Advisor checks, which cover areas such as cost optimization, security, performance, fault tolerance, and service limits. This plan is specifically designed to support production workloads and includes 24/7 access to cloud support engineers, response times for impaired systems, and other enhanced technical support features.

AWS Developer Support, while more affordable, only provides limited Trusted Advisor checks, specifically around Service Limits and basic Security checks. Full access to all Trusted Advisor checks is only available with Business Support and higher-tier plans, such as Enterprise On-Ramp and Enterprise Support

Amazon DynamoDBis a fully managed NoSQL database service that provides fast and predictable performance with seamless scalability. It is designed to handle unstructured data, offers high durability, and provides easy querying capabilities using key-value or document data models, making it suitable for applications that continuously produce unstructured data.

Why other options are not suitable:

A. Amazon RDS: A relational database service that is more suited for structured data and SQL queries.

B. Amazon Aurora: A MySQL- and PostgreSQL-compatible relational database, also more suited for structured data.

C. Amazon QuickSight: A business intelligence service for data visualization, not for storing data.

AWS provides an Attestation of Compliance (AOC) report for specific AWS services to assist companies in achieving Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS) compliance in the cloud. This report demonstrates that AWS services meet the necessary PCI DSS requirements. AWS does not offer physical inspections of data centers by appointment, nor does it provide certifications for any application running on AWS. Additionally, AWS does not provide professional PCI compliance services; companies must manage their PCI compliance in their environment.

Amazon RDS and Amazon Aurora are both managed AWS services that support the PostgreSQL database engine. Amazon RDS makes it easier to set up, operate, and scale PostgreSQL deployments on the cloud, while Amazon Aurora is a cloud-native database engine that is compatible with PostgreSQL and offers higher performance and availability. Amazon Athena is a serverless query service that does not support PostgreSQL, but can analyze data in Amazon S3 using standard SQL. Amazon EC2 is a compute service that allows users to launch virtual machines, but does not provide any database management features. Amazon DynamoDB is a NoSQL database service that is not compatible with PostgreSQL, but offers fast and consistent performance at any scale. References: Hosted PostgreSQL - Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL - AWS, Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL - Amazon Relational Database Service, AWS PostgreSQL: Managed or Self-Managed? - NetApp, AWS Announces Amazon Aurora Supports PostgreSQL 12 - InfoQ, Amazon Aurora vs PostgreSQL | What are the differences? - StackShare

AWS IAM Identity Center (formerly AWS Single Sign-On or AWS SSO)provides a single sign-on experience for accessing AWS accounts and applications by integrating with third-party identity providers (IdPs) like Microsoft Active Directory, Okta, or any SAML 2.0-compliant IdP. This service allows employees to log in once using their existing corporate credentials managed by the third-party IdP and gain access to multiple AWS accounts and services without needing separate AWS credentials.

Why other options are not suitable:

A. AWS Directory Service: Provides a managed Microsoft Active Directory, but does not directly support single sign-on integration with third-party IdPs.

B. Amazon Cognito: Primarily used for managing authentication for web and mobile apps, not for integrating third-party IdPs for AWS management access.

D. AWS Resource Access Manager (AWS RAM): Used for sharing AWS resources across accounts, not for identity and access management.

AWS CloudTrail is a service that enables governance, compliance, and operational and risk auditing of an AWS account. It logs, continuously monitors, and retains account activity related to actions across an AWS infrastructure.

For auditing purposes:

CloudTrail records AWS API calls made in the account, including details about who made the request, the services used, the actions performed, and the response elements returned by AWS.

This information is critical for understanding user activity, detecting anomalous behavior, and performing security analysis and compliance auditing.

Why other options are not suitable:

A. AWS Config: AWS Config provides a detailed view of the configuration of AWS resources, including how resources are related and their compliance with internal policies, but it does not provide a comprehensive audit trail of user actions.

B. Amazon Rekognition: A service for image and video analysis, not relevant to auditing AWS account activity.

D. Amazon SNS: A notification service for sending alerts and messages, not used for auditing purposes.

Economies of scale are the cost advantages that result from increasing the scale of production or operation. In cloud computing, economies of scale are achieved by pooling resources and sharing them among multiple users, which reduces the unit cost of computing and storage. One of the benefits of economies of scale in cloud computing is increased speed and agility, which means the ability to deploy applications faster and respond to changing business needs more quickly. Cloud computing allows users to access computing resources on demand, without having to invest in expensive infrastructure or wait for lengthy provisioning processes. This enables users to scale up or down as needed, experiment with new ideas, and deliver value to customers faster123. References:

Economics of Cloud Computing - GeeksforGeeks

What is Cloud Economics? | VMware Glossary

ECONOMIES OF SCALE WITH CLOUD COMPUTING & SERVICES PRACTICE - IDC-Online

One of the key advantages of cloud computing is the ability totrade fixed expenses (like data centers and physical servers) for variable expenses. With AWS, companies pay only for the compute power, storage, and other resources they use, rather than investing heavily in on-premises infrastructure upfront. This reduces capital expenditure and helps lower overall costs.

Why other options are not suitable:

A. Go global in minutes: Refers to the ability to quickly deploy applications around the world, but does not directly reduce upfront costs.

B. Increase speed and agility: Refers to the ability to quickly scale and deploy resources, but is not directly related to cost reduction.

C. Benefit from massive economies of scale: Refers to AWS's ability to lower costs by leveraging its scale, but the primary advantage for reducing upfront costs is moving from fixed to variable expenses.

Amazon FSx for Windows File Server is a fully managed file server that supports Microsoft workloads and file systems, including the SMB protocol. It provides features such as user quotas, end-user file restore, and Microsoft Active Directory integration. Amazon EFS is a fully managed file system that supports the NFS protocol, not SMB. Amazon FSx for Lustre is a fully managed file system that supports high-performance computing workloads, not Microsoft workloads. Amazon EBS is a block storage service that does not provide a file system or SMB support. References: Amazon FSx for Windows File Server, Amazon FSx for Lustre, Amazon EFS, Amazon EBS

VPC Flow Logs is a feature that enables you to capture information about the IP traffic going to and from network interfaces in your VPC. Flow log data can be published to Amazon CloudWatch Logs, Amazon S3, or Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose. You can use VPC Flow Logs to diagnose network issues, monitor traffic patterns, detect security anomalies, and comply with auditing requirements34. References: Logging IP traffic using VPC Flow Logs - Amazon Virtual Private Cloud, New – VPC Traffic Mirroring – Capture & Inspect Network Traffic | AWS News Blog

Cost allocation tags are an AWS feature that allows for detailed tracking of cloud costs by tagging resources. These tags can be customized to represent departments, projects, or cost centers, enabling organizations to allocate and monitor expenses accurately. By using cost allocation tags, companies can create reports that break down costs by tag, providing granular insights into their cloud spending. This feature is critical for achieving detailed cost management and is a core part of AWS’s billing and cost management offerings.

Amazon Redshiftis a fully managed data warehouse service that enables users to analyze large amounts of data quickly and cost-effectively. It is designed specifically for online analytical processing (OLAP) and is optimized for complex queries against large datasets. Amazon Redshift uses columnar storage, data compression, and massively parallel processing (MPP) to handle petabyte-scale data warehouse environments.

A. Amazon RDS: Incorrect, as it is a managed relational database service for online transaction processing (OLTP) workloads, not specifically designed for data warehousing.

B. Amazon DynamoDB: Incorrect, as it is a NoSQL database service for fast and flexible data storage, not a data warehouse.

D. Amazon Aurora: Incorrect, as it is a MySQL- and PostgreSQL-compatible relational database designed for high performance and availability for OLTP workloads, not data warehousing.

AWS Cloud References:

Amazon Redshift

AWS PrivateLink provides private connectivity between VPCs, AWS services, and on-premises applications without exposing traffic to the public internet. It enables private access to AWS services by creating private endpoints within a VPC, which enhances security and simplifies network architecture by keeping all communication on the AWS network. This service is ideal for scenarios where a company wants to connect AWS services and VPCs privately.

AWS Fargateis a serverless compute engine for containers that allows users to run containers without having to manage the underlying infrastructure. Fargate eliminates the need for managing servers and reduces operational overhead, providing a fully managed, serverless approach to containerized applications. It helps avoid unplanned administration and operational costs and is ideal for companies migrating from on-premises container infrastructure.

Why other options are not suitable:

A. Amazon Connect: A service for cloud-based contact centers, not for container management.

C. Amazon Lightsail: Simplifies virtual private server (VPS) management but is not serverless or specialized for containers.

D. Amazon EC2: Provides virtual servers but requires more manual administration and is not serverless.

Spot Instancesare the most cost-effective EC2 instance purchasing option for batch workloads that can handle interruptions and can be restarted from where they left off. Spot Instances offer significant cost savings (up to 90%) over On-Demand Instances by using spare EC2 capacity. They are ideal for workloads that are fault-tolerant and flexible in terms of timing.

A. Reserved Instances: Incorrect, as they require a long-term commitment and do not offer the flexibility needed for short-term, interruptible workloads.

C. Dedicated Instances: Incorrect, as they are designed to run on hardware dedicated to a single customer, which is more expensive.

D. On-Demand Instances: Incorrect, as they are more expensive than Spot Instances and are used for applications that require immediate or predictable capacity.

AWS Cloud References:

Amazon EC2 Spot Instances

On-Demand Instances are the most flexible and cost-effective pricing model for short-term, experimental, or unpredictable workloads on AWS. On-Demand Instances let you pay only for the resources you use, without any long-term commitments or upfront fees. You can easily start and stop instances as needed, and scale up or down depending on your demand.

Savings Plans, Reserved Instances, and Dedicated Hosts are all pricing models that require a commitment for a certain amount of usage or capacity for a one- or three-year term. These pricing models offer lower prices than On-Demand Instances, but they are not suitable for workloads that only run for 3 to 6 months or have variable usage patterns. Savings Plans and Reserved Instances also offer flexibility to change instance types, sizes, or regions within the same family or pool, while Dedicated Hosts are physical servers that can only run specific instance types.

Agility is the AWS Cloud benefit that gives a company the ability to quickly deploy cloud resources to access compute, storage, and database infrastructures in a matter of minutes. Agility means that you can reduce the time to make IT resources available to your developers from weeks to just minutes, resulting in a dramatic increase in innovation and responsiveness1. AWS provides a range of services and tools that enable you to launch, scale, and manage your cloud applications with ease and speed, such as AWS CloudFormation, AWS Elastic Beanstalk, AWS CodeDeploy, and AWS Quick Starts2345. References:

Six advantages of cloud computing - Overview of Amazon Web Services

[AWS CloudFormation]

[AWS Elastic Beanstalk]

[AWS CodeDeploy]

AWS Quick Starts

TheAWS Pricing Calculatoris a web-based tool that allows customers to estimate their monthly AWS costs by configuring and projecting the costs of different AWS services. The calculator is specifically designed to help customers plan their AWS spending based on their specific architecture and usage patterns. The other options are not correct because:

B. Calculate historical AWS costs: This is incorrect as the AWS Pricing Calculator does not track or calculate historical costs. For historical costs, AWS Cost Explorer is used.

C. Provide in-depth information about AWS pricing strategies: While the AWS Pricing Calculator provides cost estimations, it does not provide detailed insights into AWS pricing strategies.

D. Provide users with access to their monthly bills: This is incorrect; AWS Billing and Cost Management provides access to actual billing information.

AWS Cloud References:

AWS Pricing Calculator

Amazon RDS (Relational Database Service)is a managed database service that simplifies the setup, operation, and scaling of relational databases in the AWS Cloud. It supports several SQL-based databases, such as MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle, SQL Server, and MariaDB, while automating common administrative tasks such as backups, patch management, and scaling. This significantly reduces the operational overhead compared to managing databases on Amazon EC2 instances, which would require manual management of the operating system, database software, backups, and maintenance.

A. Amazon EC2 instances: Incorrect, as this would involve more operational overhead, including manual management of the database server.

C. Amazon DynamoDB: Incorrect, as it is a NoSQL database service, not suitable for migrating SQL-based databases.

D. OpenSearch: Incorrect, as it is used for search and analytics workloads, not for hosting SQL-based databases.

AWS Cloud References:

Amazon RDS

AWS Artifact is your go-to, central resource for compliance-related information that matters to you. It provides on-demand access to AWS’s security and compliance reports and select online agreements. Reports available in AWS Artifact include our Service Organization Control (SOC) reports, Payment Card Industry (PCI) attestation of compliance, and certifications from accreditation bodies across geographies and compliance verticals that validate the implementation and operating effectiveness of AWS security controls. Agreements available in AWS Artifact include the Business Associate Addendum (BAA) and the Nondisclosure Agreement (NDA). AWS Artifact helps you answer the most frequently asked security and compliance questions that AWS receives from its users. References: Compliance FAQ, Compliance Solutions Guide

Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling is a service that helps you maintain application availability and allows you to automatically add or remove EC2 instances according to definable conditions. You can create collections of EC2 instances, called Auto Scaling groups, and specify the minimum and maximum number of instances in each group. You can also define scaling policies that adjust the number of instances based on the demand on your application. Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling helps you improve the performance, reliability, and cost-efficiency of your EC2workloads123. References: 1: VDI Desktops - Amazon WorkSpaces Family - AWS, 2: What is Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling? - Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling, 3: Discover Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling Unit | Salesforce Trailhead

An access key is a pair of long-term credentials that consists of an access key ID and a secret access key. An access key is used to sign programmatic requests to the AWS CLI or AWS API (directly or using the AWS SDK). An access key allows a user to access the AWS account through a CLI, which is a tool that enables users to interact with AWS services using commands in a terminal or a script12.

The other options are not correct, because:

To access the AWS account as the AWS account root user, a user needs the email address and password associated with the account. The root user has complete access to all AWS resources and services in the account. However, it is not recommended to use the root user for everyday tasks3.

To access the AWS account through the AWS Management Console, a user needs a user name and password. The console is a web-based interface that allows users to manage their AWS resources and services using a graphical user interface4.

To access all of a company’s AWS accounts, a user needs to use AWS Organizations, which is a service that enables users to centrally manage and govern multiple AWS accounts. AWS Organizations allows users to create groups of accounts and apply policies to them5.

Managing access keys for IAM users - AWS Identity and Access Management

What Is the AWS Command Line Interface? - AWS Command Line Interface

AWS account root user - AWS Identity and Access Management

What Is the AWS Management Console? - AWS Management Console

What Is AWS Organizations? - AWS Organizations

AWS Snow Family is a group of devices that transport data in and out of AWS. AWS Snow Family devices are physical devices that can transfer up to exabytes of data. One exabyte is 1 000 000 000 000 megabytes. AWS Snow Family devices are designed for use in remote locations where internet connectivity is limited or unavailable. You can use these devices to collect and process data at the edge, and then ship them back to AWS for data upload. AWS Snow Family consists of three types of devices: AWS Snowcone, AWS Snowball, and AWS Snowmobile1234. References: 1: Edge Computing Devices, Secure Data Transfer - AWS Snow Family - AWS, 2: AWS Snow Family Documentation, 3: AWS Snow Family - W3Schools, 4: AWS Snow Family: Data Storage, Migration, and Computation

AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) is a web service that helps you securely control access to AWS resources. You can use IAM to create and manage AWS users and groups, and use permissions to allow and deny their access to AWS resources. IAM is always provided at nocharge12. References: 1: AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) - Amazon Web Services (AWS), 2: Which aws service is always provided at no charge? - Brainly.in

 Elasticity in the AWS Cloud refers to the ability to acquire resources as you need them and release resources when you no longer need them. In the cloud, you want to do this automatically1. This means that you can rightsized resources as demand shifts, and you can easily procure resources when they are needed. Elasticity is not related to how quickly an Amazon EC2 instance can be restarted, the maximum amount of RAM an Amazon EC2 instance can use, or the pay-as-you-go billing model. These are aspects of scalability, performance, and cost, respectively2.

For more information on elasticity, you can refer to the following sources:

Elasticity - AWS Well-Architected Framework

Elastic - Reactive Systems on AWS

What is the difference between scalability and elasticity?

AWS re:Post is a no-cost platform for AWS users to join community groups, ask questions, find answers, and read community-generated articles about best practices. AWS re:Post is a social media platform that connects AWS users with each other and with AWS experts. Users can create posts, comment on posts, follow topics, and join groups related to AWS services, solutions, and use cases. AWS re:Post also features live event feeds, community stories, and AWS Hero profiles. AWSre:Post is a great way to learn from the AWS community, share your knowledge, and get inspired. References:

AWS re:Post

Join the Conversation

AWS IAM Identity Center (formerly AWS Single Sign-On) provides centralized management of user access to multiple AWS accounts within an organization in AWS Organizations. It allows users to log in once and gain access to all assigned accounts without managing separate logins for each account. Amazon Cognito is generally used for application-level user management and authentication, not for managing access across AWS accounts.

The reliability pillar of the AWS Well-Architected Framework emphasizes building systems that can recover from failures and dynamically adjust to meet demand. This includes designing to automatically recover from failures and implementing mechanisms to manage capacity demands, avoiding manual guesswork. The other options do not align with core reliability principles, as operating in a single Availability Zone or preemptively adjusting quotas in a secondary region does not inherently improve reliability.

AWS Storage Gateway provides on-premises applications with low-latency access to data stored in AWS by caching frequently accessed data locally. It seamlessly integrates on-premises environments with cloud storage, enabling hybrid storage solutions. AWS DataSync is for data transfer, CloudFront is a content delivery network, and AWS Backup is for backup management, not low-latency access.

Amazon Rekognition provides machine learning capabilities to analyze images and videos, enabling the detection of objects, people, text, and scenes. It is designed specifically for image and video analysis, making it suitable for various use cases like facial recognition and content moderation. Other services like Amazon Connect, Lightsail, and Personalize do not offer image or video analysis capabilities.

AWS Config enables users to assess, audit, and evaluate the configurations of AWS resources. It provides information that can be used by external auditors to ensure compliance with various regulatory requirements by tracking changes and maintaining configuration history. Amazon Cognito, FSx, and Inspector do not provide detailed configuration tracking for audit purposes.

The AWS Architecture Center provides examples, best practices, and architectural blueprints for various AWS Cloud solutions. It includes whitepapers, reference architectures, and detailed diagrams to help users design secure, scalable, and reliable applications on AWS. Other services like AWS Marketplace, Service Catalog, and Trusted Advisor do not offer solution design examples.

Scaling horizontally, or adding more instances of resources rather than increasing the size of a single instance, is a core principle of the Performance Efficiency pillar of the AWS Well-Architected Framework. It enables applications to handle increasing loads by distributing traffic across multiple resources. Other options, such as serverless architectures, managed services, and cost measurement, align with other pillars of the framework.

Amazon S3 Glacier Flexible Retrieval is optimized for storing infrequently accessed data at a very low cost, making it suitable for data archiving and long-term backups. It provides flexible retrieval options for archived data. Other services like FSx for Lustre, EBS, and EFS are more suited for frequently accessed data and higher-performance use cases, not archival storage.

AWS WAF Overview:

AWS Web Application Firewall (WAF) allows users to create rules to block or allow traffic based on IP addresses, request patterns, and other conditions.

It is ideal for blocking traffic from a specific IP address.

Why AWS WAF Meets the Requirement:

The company can create a WAF rule to block traffic from the malicious IP address.

WAF integrates with services like Amazon CloudFront, Application Load Balancer, and API Gateway.

Why Other Options Are Incorrect:

A. AWS Shield:Protects against DDoS attacks but does not allow custom IP blocking.

B. AWS Config:Monitors resource configurations but does not block IPs.

C. Amazon GuardDuty:Detects threats but does not block traffic directly.

Rightsizing involves adjusting instance types based on actual utilization to optimize costs and performance. Changing the size and type of EC2 instances according to utilization data achieves this with minimal operational overhead. Adding instances or changing payment methods does not directly address instance resizing, and reprovisioning with larger instances may not be optimal based on actual usage.

SSH keys provide secure login for Linux-based Amazon EC2 instances by establishing a secure connection over SSH (Secure Shell), protecting login credentials from interception. VPNs and encryption enhance security in other contexts, but SSH keys are the standard approach for accessing Linux EC2 instances. Amazon Route 53 is unrelated to EC2 instance access.

Amazon Route 53 is a scalable Domain Name System (DNS) web service that routes end-user requests to infrastructure running in AWS. It is specifically designed to host domain names and manage DNS records, making it the ideal service for hosting the domain name of a public website. AWS Lambda, CloudFront, and Direct Connect serve different functions and are not DNS hosting services.

IAM Users and Billing Permissions:

IAM users with appropriate permissions can access and view the AWS Billing console.

The root user is required only for certain account-level tasks, such as changing support plans or closing accounts.

Why Other Options Are Incorrect:

A. Change to a different AWS Support plan:Requires root user credentials.

B. Close an AWS account:Requires root user credentials.

D. Activate access to the AWS Billing console:Requires root user credentials.

Savings Plans offer cost savings for predictable, steady workloads over a one or three-year term, with flexibility in instance family and size, making them suitable for critical workloads on EC2 instances that will run for a long term like three years. Spot Instances are more cost-effective but not suitable forcritical, predictable workloads due to potential interruptions. Dedicated Hosts and On-Demand Instances would be more costly.

AWS Direct Connect provides a dedicated private network connection from on-premises data centers directly to the AWS Cloud, bypassing the public internet. This setup is ideal for reducing network costs, increasing bandwidth throughput, and providing a more consistent network experience compared to standard internet connections. Other services, such as Amazon VPC, relate to networking but do not establish a private network connection from on-premises to AWS.

AWS Elastic Beanstalk is a managed service that facilitates the deployment and management of applications in the AWS Cloud. It supports multiple programming languages and frameworks, allowing users to deploy web applications without managing the underlying infrastructure. Elastic Beanstalk automatically handles deployment, capacity provisioning, load balancing, and auto-scaling. The other services listed, like CodeGuru, Fargate, and CodeCommit, do not provide full application deployment and management capabilities.

A VPC endpoint enables private connections between an Amazon VPC and AWS services, like Amazon S3, without requiring internet access. This allows secure access to S3 from an EC2 instance within the same VPC, reducing latency and improving security. VPN connections and NAT gateways do not eliminate internet traffic, and an internet gateway would expose the VPC to the public internet.

Spot Instances offer the lowest cost for Amazon EC2 and are suitable for non-production workloads like development and testing where occasional unavailability is acceptable. Spot Instances take advantage of unused EC2 capacity at a reduced cost, making them ideal for environments that can tolerate interruptions. Reserved or On-Demand Instances would be more expensive for this scenario, and Dedicated Hosts are not cost-effective for non-production environments.

AWS Direct Connect provides a dedicated, low-latency, and consistent network connection between on-premises data centers and AWS. This private connection minimizes latency and improves network stability compared to a public internet connection or VPN. AWS Direct Connect is ideal for applications requiring real-time data transfer with minimal latency.

Amazon EventBridge (formerly CloudWatch Events) allows users to respond to changes in the state of AWS resources. It can be configured to invoke an AWS Lambda function when an EC2 instance enters the “stopping” state, providing a serverless way to automate responses to changes in EC2 instance states. AWS Config, SNS, and CloudFormation do not provide direct triggering for specific instance state changes.

For a reporting application that runs only periodically, On-Demand Instances are the most cost-effective choice because they allow the company to pay only for the compute capacity used, without long-term commitments. Reserved Instances are less flexible due to the need for upfront payment or long-term contracts, which would not be cost-effective given the application’s intermittent usage. On-Demand Capacity Reservations would also be more costly, as they hold capacity regardless of usage.

AWS recommends using tags to organize resources effectively and to activate cost allocation tags to enable detailed tracking of costs by categories such as department, environment, and application. This approach provides the granularity needed for tracking and managing AWS costs accurately. AWS Cost Management and Billing tools provide insights but do not inherently categorize costs without tags.

The reliability pillar of the AWS Well-Architected Framework includes the principle of testing recovery procedures to ensure systems can effectively recover from failures. Regular testing of recovery processes helps verify that systems are resilient and can handle potential disruptions. The other options align with different pillars like cost optimization and operational excellence.

Elastic Load Balancing (ELB) distributes incoming traffic across multiple targets, such as EC2 instances, containers, and IP addresses, ensuring better application availability and fault tolerance. While ELB scales to meet traffic demands, it does not inherently scale compute resources themselves, span multiple regions, or balance traffic between internet gateways.

AWS Organizations Overview:

AWS Organizations allows a company to manage multiple AWS accounts under a single organization.

Through the feature of consolidated billing, a company can receive a single bill for all linked accounts.

Key Features of Consolidated Billing in AWS Organizations:

Aggregates usage across accounts to take advantage of volume pricing discounts.

Provides detailed cost reports for individual linked accounts.

Simplifies payment processing by centralizing billing.

Why Other Options Are Incorrect:

A. AWS Billing and Cost Management console:Used for managing budgets and payments but does not set up consolidated billing.

C. AWS Cost and Usage Report:Provides detailed cost and usage reports but does not set up consolidated billing.

D. AWS Systems Manager:Focuses on operational management, not billing.

AWS Systems Manager offers the capability to automate patching for Amazon EC2 instances, including Windows instances, through Patch Manager. It can automate patching tasks, schedule updates, and apply patches based on specified baselines. AWS Organizations and Control Tower focus on account management and governance, while Elastic Load Balancing (ELB) is unrelated to patch management.

Network ACLs (NACLs) are subnet-level firewalls in AWS, controlling inbound and outbound traffic for VPC subnets. They provide an additional layer of security by allowing or denying traffic based on IP protocol, source and destination IP, and port. Security groups operate at the instance level, while Traffic Mirroring and Internet Gateways do not function as firewalls at the subnet level.

AWS CloudFormation allows users to define and deploy infrastructure as code, creating highly repeatable and consistent configurations across environments. It uses templates to automate the provisioning and management of resources. CodeDeploy focuses on application deployment, and Systems Manager offers operational management, but neither provides templated infrastructure deployment at the same level as CloudFormation.

Enforcing multi-factor authentication (MFA) for privileged users enhances account security by requiring a second form of authentication. It reduces the risk of unauthorized access, even if credentials are compromised. Removing the root account is not possible, and creating access keys for the root account or privileged users can increase security risks rather than reduce them.

The AWS Cloud is cost-effective for dynamic workloads because of its elasticity, allowing resources to scale up or down based on demand, and its pay-as-you-go pricing, which enables companies to pay only for what they use. Reliability, security, and high availability are also benefits of AWS, but they do not specifically relate to cost-effectiveness in the context of dynamic workloads.

Cost Explorer enables visualization and analysis of AWS costs and usage over specific time periods. It provides detailed reports, trends, and forecasts for cost management. Consolidated billing and AWS Organizations are useful for billing management across accounts, while AWS Budgets helps set spending thresholds but does not provide visualization tools for cost and usage.

AWS WAF is a web application firewall that helps protect applications from SQL injection attacks and other common web exploits. By defining rules to block, allow, or monitor specific types of requests, AWS WAF provides an effective defense against SQL injection. Network ACLs and Security Groups provide network-level security but do not inspect web traffic for specific attack patterns like SQL injection.

AWS Budgets allows organizations to set custom cost and usage budgets and receive notifications when they exceed predefined thresholds. This feature helps the finance department monitor spending and manage budget forecasts effectively. AWS Cost and Usage Reports and Cost Explorer provide detailed billing data but do not include budget notifications. Consolidated billing in AWS Organizations is useful for aggregating billing across accounts but does not provide budget alerts.

On-Demand Instances are most cost-effective for short-term, steady, and unpredictable workloads. Using them for a one-month testing period allows flexibility without a long-term commitment. For long-term workloads (like a year or more), Reserved Instances or Savings Plans would be more cost-effective. Spot Instances are better for interruptible, flexible workloads.

Amazon S3 offers virtually unlimited storage, allowing customers to store and retrieve any amount of data. There are no practical limits to the total volume of data that can be stored in S3, making it suitable for applications that require vast amounts of storage. The options of 10 PB, 50 PB, and 100 PB are incorrect as they do not reflect the actual scale of S3.

Refactoring involves re-architecting and modifying an application to take advantage of cloud-native features. In this case, the company wants to modernize a monolithic application by breaking it into microservices. This process aligns with the Refactor strategy, which is aimed at modernizing and re-architecting applications. Rehost, Repurchase, and Replatform do not involve the level of re-architecting needed to move from a monolithic to a microservices architecture.

AWS CloudHSM provides hardware-based key management to manage and protect encryption keys in the AWS Cloud. It allows customers to generate and use their own encryption keys while complying withrigorous security requirements. WhileAWS Certificate Manager (ACM)manages SSL/TLS certificates, it does not handle encryption keys independently, andAWS License ManagerandAWS Directory Serviceare not designed for managing encryption keys. AWS KMS is also relevant for key management but wasn't listed as an option in this question.

AWS Shield is a managed Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) protection service that safeguards AWS applications against network and transport layer attacks. AWS Shield Standard is automatically included with all AWS services and offers protection against common DDoS attacks. For more advanced protection, AWS Shield Advanced provides additional DDoS mitigation measures. Although AWS WAF, Firewall Manager, and GuardDuty contribute to security, they do not specialize in DDoS mitigation at the network layer like AWS Shield does.

AWS provides the flexibility to scale resources up or down on demand, enabling companies to test new applications without making long-term commitments. This principle allows for cost efficiency and agility during testing and development. The other options do not specifically highlight the benefits of flexible, on-demand resource scaling.

AWS Artifact Overview:

AWS Artifact is a service that provides on-demand access to AWS compliance documentation and agreements.

It includes reports such as PCI DSS, SOC, and ISO certifications.

How AWS Artifact Meets the Requirement:

The PCI DSS compliance documentation can be downloaded directly from the Artifact console.

Artifact helps customers demonstrate compliance to auditors by providing official certifications and attestations.

Why Other Options Are Incorrect:

B. AWS Organizations:Used for managing accounts, not compliance reports.

C. AWS Trusted Advisor:Offers best practice checks but does not provide compliance documentation.

D. AWS Support Center:Provides customer support and ticket management but not compliance documentation.

Amazon Neptune is a managed graph database service that is well-suited for complex queries involving relationships, such as detecting patterns indicative of fraud in credit card transactions. It supports graph query languages like Gremlin and SPARQL, making it ideal for use cases requiring intricate relationship analysis. DocumentDB, Timestream, and DynamoDB are not designed for graph-based queries.

The Amazon EC2 Reserved Instance Marketplace allows customers to sell unused Standard Reserved Instances to other AWS users. This enables companies to recoup some of the costs if they no longer need certain RIs. Standard RIs cannot be converted to Savings Plans, and AWS Support does not facilitate the resale of RIs directly.

AWS Trusted Advisor provides checks and recommendations across various categories, including cost optimization, security, and performance. Access to all Trusted Advisor checks is available with AWS Business Support, ensuring the company can follow AWS best practices comprehensively. The Developer Support plan offers limited Trusted Advisor checks, and AWS Health Dashboard provides insights into service health but not specific best practice recommendations.

AWS SDKs Overview:

AWS Software Development Kits (SDKs) provide libraries and tools for developers to interact with AWS services programmatically.

SDKs are available for multiple programming languages, including Python, Java, JavaScript, and .NET.

How AWS SDKs Meet the Requirement:

Enable developers to integrate AWS services into their applications easily.

Include API clients, authentication helpers, and other utilities specific to AWS services.

Why Other Options Are Incorrect:

A. AWS CodePipeline:Automates CI/CD pipelines but does not provide libraries for development.

C. Amazon CloudWatch:Focuses on monitoring and logging; not a development toolset.

D. AWS CodeDeploy:Automates application deployment but does not include development libraries.

AWS CloudFormation allows developers to create, manage, and deploy AWS resources using templates, ensuring a standardized and repeatable infrastructure setup. It’s ideal for setting up development, test, and production environments consistently. AWS Cloud Map, CloudFront, and CloudTrail do not provide templated infrastructure management capabilities.

AWS Marketplace is a digital catalog that offers third-party software, including security solutions like intrusion detection systems, which can be deployed directly within an AWS environment. By using AWS Marketplace, companies can find, purchase, and deploy ISP intrusion detection systems or other security tools that meet their specific requirements. Other services, such as AWS Security Hub and Quick Starts, do not directly provide third-party application deployment.

 AWS Organizations is a service that enables you to consolidate multiple AWS accounts into an organization that you create and centrally manage. With AWS Organizations, you can apply service control policies (SCPs) across multiple AWS accounts to restrict what services and actions users and roles can access. You can also use AWS Organizations to enable features such as consolidated billing, AWS Config rules and conformance packs, and AWS CloudFormation StackSets across multiple accounts3. One of the benefits of using AWS Organizations is that you can share your Reserved Instances (RIs) with all of the accounts in your organization. This enables you to take advantage of the billing benefits of RIs without having to specify which account will use them4. AWS Systems Manager is a service that gives you visibility and control of your infrastructure on AWS. Cost Explorer is a tool that enables you to visualize, understand, and manage your AWS costs and usage over time. AWS Trusted Advisor is a service that provides real-time guidance to help you provision your resources following AWS best practices. None of these services or tools can help you manage the AWS accounts for all the departments so that the departments can share the Reserved Instances.

Some of the advantages of using Amazon EC2 instances to host applications in the AWS Cloud instead of on premises are:

EC2 integrates with Amazon VPC, AWS CloudTrail, and AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM). Amazon VPC lets you provision a logically isolated section of the AWS Cloud where you can launch AWS resources in a virtual network that you define. AWS CloudTrail enables governance, compliance, operational auditing, and risk auditing of your AWS account. AWS IAM enables you to manage access to AWS services and resources securely. Therefore, the correct answer is B. You can learn more about Amazon EC2 and its integration with other AWS services

EC2 has a flexible, pay-as-you-go pricing model. You only pay for the compute capacity you use, and you can scale up and down as needed. You can also choose from different pricing options, such as On-Demand, Savings Plans, Reserved Instances, and Spot Instances, to optimize your costs. Therefore, the correct answer is D. You can learn more about Amazon EC2 pricing

The other options are incorrect because:

EC2 does not include operating system patch management. You are responsible for managing and maintaining your own operating systems on EC2 instances. You can use AWS Systems Manager to automate common maintenance tasks, such as applying patches, or use Amazon EC2 Image Builder to create and maintain secure images. Therefore, the incorrect answer is A.

EC2 does not have a 100% service level agreement (SLA). The EC2 SLA guarantees 99.99% availability for each EC2 Region, not for each individual instance. Therefore, the incorrect answer is C.

EC2 does not have automatic storage cost optimization. You are responsible for choosing the right storage option for your EC2 instances, such as Amazon Elastic Block Store (EBS) or Amazon Elastic File System (EFS), and monitoring and optimizing your storage costs. You can use AWS Cost Explorer or AWS Trusted Advisor to analyze and reduce your storage spending. Therefore, the incorrect answer is E.

 Global reach is the benefit of AWS Cloud computing that provides lower latency between users and applications. Global reach means that AWS customers can deploy their applications and data in multiple regions around the world, and deliver them to users with high performance and availability. AWS has the largest global infrastructure of any cloud provider, with 25 geographic regions and 81 Availability Zones, as well as 216 Points of Presence in 84 cities across 42 countries. Customers can choose the optimal locations for their applications and data based on their business requirements, such as compliance, data sovereignty, and customer proximity. Agility, economies of scale, and pay-as-you-go pricing are other benefits of AWS Cloud computing, but they do not directly provide lower latency between users and applications. Agility means that AWS customers can quickly and easily provision and scale up or down AWS resources as needed, without upfront costs or long-term commitments. Economies of scale means that AWS customers can benefit from the lower costs and higher efficiency that AWS achieves by operating at a massive scale and passing the savings to the customers. Pay-as-you-go pricing means that AWS customers only pay for the AWS resources they use, without any upfront costs or long-term contracts.

The company can use AWS Organizations to track the combined AWS usage costs of all of its linked accounts. AWS Organizations is a service that enables you to consolidate multiple AWS accounts into an organization that you can manage centrally. You can use AWS Organizations to create a consolidated billing report that shows the charges incurred by each account in your organization as well as the total charges across all accounts. You can also use AWS Organizations to apply policies and controls to your accounts to help you manage costs and security5.

AWS CloudTrail is an AWS service that enables users to accomplish the task of recording API calls made to AWS services. AWS CloudTrail is a service that tracks user activity and API usage across the AWS account. AWS CloudTrail records the details of every API call made to AWS services, such as the identity of the caller, the time of the call, the source IP address of the caller, the parameters and responses of the call, and more. Users can use AWS CloudTrail to audit, monitor, and troubleshoot their AWS resources and actions. The other options are incorrect because they are not tasks that users can accomplish using AWS CloudTrail. Generating an IAM user credentials report is a task that users can accomplish using IAM, which is an AWS service that enables users to manage access and permissions to AWS resources and services. Assessing the compliance of AWS resource configurations with policies and guidelines is a task that users can accomplish using AWS Config, which is an AWS service that enables users to assess, audit, and evaluate the configurations of their AWS resources. Ensuring that Amazon EC2 instances are patched with the latest security updates is a task that users can accomplish using AWS Systems Manager, which is an AWS service that enables users to automate operational tasks, manage configuration and compliance, and monitor system health and performance. Reference: AWS CloudTrail FAQs

 Spot Instances are instances that use spare EC2 capacity that is available for up to 90% off the On-Demand price. Because Spot Instances can be interrupted by EC2 with two minutes of notification when EC2 needs the capacity back, you can use them for applications that have flexible start and end times, or that can withstand interruptions5. This option is most cost-effective for the use case described in the question. Reserved Instances are instances that you purchase for a one-year or three-year term, and pay a lower hourly rate compared to On-Demand Instances. This option is suitable for applications that have steady state or predictable usage. Dedicated Instances are instances that run on hardware that’s dedicated to a single customer within an Amazon VPC. This option is suitable for applications that have stringent regulatory or compliance requirements. On-Demand Instances are instances that you pay for by the second, with no long-term commitments or upfront payments. This option is suitable for applications that have unpredictable or intermittent workloads.

Reliability is the benefit of AWS Cloud computing that ensures the workload performs consistently and correctly. According to the AWS Cloud Practitioner Essentials course, reliability means "theability of a system to recover from infrastructure or service disruptions, dynamically acquire computing resources to meet demand, and mitigate disruptions such as misconfigurations or transient network issues."1 Elasticity, security, and pay-as-you-go pricing are also benefits of AWS Cloud computing, but they do not directly relate to the goal of consistent and correct performance.

 AWS Shield is a managed Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) protection service that safeguards applications running on AWS. AWS Shield provides always-on detection and automatic inline mitigations that minimize application downtime and latency, so there is no need to engage AWS Support to benefit from DDoS protection3.

The correct answers are A and C because patching AWS network devices and providing physical security for compute resources are tasks that are the responsibility of AWS, according to the AWS shared responsibility model. The AWS shared responsibility model is a framework that defines the division of responsibilities between AWS and the customer for security and compliance. AWS is responsible for the security of the cloud, which includes the global infrastructure, such as the regions, availability zones, and edge locations; the hardware, software, networking, and facilities that run the AWS services; and the virtualization layer that separates the customer instances and storage. The customer is responsible for the security in the cloud, which includes the customer data, the guest operating systems, the applications, the identity and access management, the firewall configuration, and the encryption. The other options are incorrect because they are tasks that are the responsibility of the customer, according to the AWS shared responsibility model. Setting user password rules, configuring security groups, and patching the operating system of an Amazon EC2 instance are all tasks that the customer has to perform to secure their AWS environment. Reference: AWS Shared Responsibility Model

The correct answer is B because AWS Artifact is a service that provides access to AWS compliance documentation, such as audit reports, security certifications, and agreements. AWS Artifact allows customers to download, review, and accept the documents that are relevant to their use of AWS services. The other options are incorrect because they are not services that provide access to AWS compliance documentation. Amazon Cloud Directory is a service that enables customers to create flexible cloud-native directories for organizing hierarchies of data. AWS Trusted Advisor is a service that provides real-time guidance to help customers follow AWS best practices for security, performance, cost optimization, and fault tolerance. Amazon Inspector is a service that helps customers find security vulnerabilities and deviations from best practices in their Amazon EC2 instances. Reference: [AWS Artifact FAQs]

 AWS is responsible for performing hardware maintenance in the AWS facilities that run the AWS Cloud. This is part of the shared responsibility model, where AWS is responsible for the security of the cloud, and the customer is responsible for security in the cloud. AWS is also responsible for the global infrastructure that runs all of the services offered in the AWS Cloud, including the hardware, software, networking, and facilities that run AWS Cloud services3. The customer is responsible for the guest operating system, including updates and security patches, as well as the web application and services developed with Docker4.

The AWS best practice for using the AWS account root user credentials is to use them only when they alone must be used to perform a required function. The AWS account root user credentials have full access to all the resources in the account, and therefore pose a security risk if compromised or misused. You should create individual IAM users with the minimum necessary permissions for everyday tasks, and use AWS Organizations to manage multiple accounts. You should also enable multi-factor authentication (MFA) and rotate the password for the root user regularly. Some of the functions that require the root user credentials are changing the account name, closing the account, changing the support plan, and restoring an IAM user’s access.

The AWS services and features that are provided to all customers at no charge are VPC and AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM). VPC is a service that allows you to launch AWS resources in a logically isolated virtual network that you define. You can create and use a VPC at no additional charge, and you only pay for the resources that you launch in the VPC, such as EC2 instances or EBSvolumes. IAM is a service that allows you to manage access and permissions to AWS resources. You can create and use IAM users, groups, roles, and policies at no additional charge, and you only pay for the AWS resources that the IAM entities access. Amazon Aurora, Amazon SageMaker, andAmazon Polly are not free services, and they charge based on the usage and features that you choose5

The company should use the AWS Billing console to access a report about the estimated environmental impact of the company’s AWS usage. The AWS Billing console provides customers with various tools and reports to manage and monitor their AWS costs and usage. One of the reports available in the AWS Billing console is the AWS Sustainability Dashboard, which shows the estimated carbon footprint and energy mix of the customer’s AWS usage. The company can use this dashboard to measure and improve the sustainability of their cloud workloads. AWS Organizations, IAM policy, and Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) are not services or features that can provide a report about the estimated environmental impact of the company’s AWS usage. AWS Organizations is a service that enables customers to centrally manage and govern their AWS accounts. IAM policy is a document that defines the permissions for an IAM identity (user, group, or role) or an AWS resource. Amazon SNS is a fully managed pub/sub messaging service that enables customers to send messages to subscribers or other AWS services.

 Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon RDS) is a service that provides fully managed relational database engines. Amazon RDS supports several database engines, including Oracle, MySQL, PostgreSQL, MariaDB, SQL Server, and Amazon Aurora. Amazon RDS can be used to migrate an application that includes an Oracle database to AWS without rewriting the application, as long as the application is compatible with the Oracle version and edition supported by Amazon RDS. Amazon RDS can also provide benefits such as high availability, scalability, security, backup and restore, and performance optimization. [Amazon RDS Overview] AWS Certified Cloud Practitioner - aws.amazon.com

 AWS Abuse team is the AWS group or team that the company should notify if it suspects that its AWS resources are being used for illegal activities. AWS Abuse team is a dedicated team that handles reports of abuse, such as spam, phishing, malware, denial-of-service attacks, and unauthorized access, involving AWS resources. The company can contact the AWS Abuse team byfilling out the [Report Abuse of AWS Resources form] or sending an email to abuse@amazonaws.com. The company should provide as much information as possible, such as the source and destination IP addresses, timestamps, log files, and screenshots, to help the AWS Abuse team investigate and take appropriate actions. For more information, see [Reporting Abuse] and [AWS Acceptable Use Policy].

 The common stakeholders for the AWS Cloud Adoption Framework (AWS CAF) platform perspective are IT architects and engineers. The AWS CAF is a guidance that helps organizations design and travel an accelerated path to successful cloud adoption. The AWS CAF organizes thecloud adoption process into six areas of focus, called perspectives, which are business, people, governance, platform, security, and operations. Each perspective is divided into capabilities, which are further divided into skills and responsibilities. The platform perspective focuses on the provisioning and management of the cloud infrastructure and services that support the business applications. The platform perspective capabilities are design, implementation, and optimization. The stakeholders for the platform perspective are the IT architects and engineers who are responsible for designing, implementing, and optimizing the cloud platform. Chief financial officers (CFOs), chief information officers (CIOs), and chief data officers (CDOs) are not the common stakeholders for the AWS CAF platform perspective. CFOs are the common stakeholders for the AWS CAF business perspective, which focuses on the value realization of the cloud adoption. CIOs are the common stakeholders for the AWS CAF governance perspective, which focuses on the alignment of the IT strategy and processes with the business strategy and goals. CDOs are the common stakeholders for the AWS CAF security perspective, which focuses on the protection of the information assets and systems in the cloud.

Managing service control policies (SCPs) is an activity that companies can complete by using AWS Organizations. AWS Organizations is a service that enables the user to consolidate multiple AWS accounts into an organization that can be managed as a single unit. AWS Organizations allows the user to create groups of accounts and apply policies to them, such as service control policies (SCPs) that specify the services and actions that users and roles can access in the accounts. AWS Organizations also enables the user to use consolidated billing, which combines the usage and charges from all the accounts in the organization into a single bill3.

 AWS IAM Identity Center (AWS Single Sign-On) is the AWS service that the company should use to meet the requirements of managing access and permissions for its third-party SaaS applications. AWS Single Sign-On is a cloud-based service that makes it easy to centrally manage single sign-on(SSO) access to multiple AWS accounts and business applications. You can use AWS Single Sign-On to enable your users to sign in to a user portal with their existing corporate credentials and access all of their assigned accounts and applications from one place4.

 Consolidated billing is an AWS feature that allows users to combine the usage and costs of multiple AWS accounts into a single bill. This enables users to obtain billing discounts that are based on the company’s use of AWS services, such as volume pricing tiers, Reserved Instance discounts, andSavings Plans discounts5. Resource tagging is an AWS feature that allows users to assign metadata to AWS resources, such as EC2 instances, S3 buckets, and Lambda functions. This enables users to organize, track, and manage their AWS resources, such as filtering, grouping, and reporting. Pay-as-you-go pricing is an AWS pricing model that allows users to pay only for the resources and services they use, without any upfront or long-term commitments. This enables users to lower their costs by scaling up or down as needed, and avoiding over-provisioning or under-utilization. Spot Instances are spare EC2 instances that are available at up to 90% discount compared to On-Demand prices. They are suitable for workloads that can tolerate interruptions, such as batch processing, data analysis, and testing. Spot Instances are allocated based on the current supply and demand, and can be reclaimed by AWS with a two-minute notice when the demand exceeds the supply.

 AWS Organizations is a service that helps you centrally manage and govern your environment as you grow and scale your AWS resources. You can use AWS Organizations to create groups of accounts and apply policies to them. You can also use AWS Organizations to consolidate billing for multiple accounts. Therefore, the correct answer is B. You can learn more about AWS Organizations and its features .

AWS Config is a service that enables you to assess, audit, and evaluate the configurations of your AWS resources. AWS Config continuously monitors and records your AWS resource configurations and allows you to automate the evaluation of recorded configurations against desired configurations. With AWS Config, you can review changes in configurations and relationships between AWS resources, dive into detailed resource configuration histories, and determine your overall compliance against the configurations specified in your internal guidelines3.

Amazon CloudWatch is a monitoring and observability service built for DevOps engineers, developers, site reliability engineers (SREs), and IT managers. CloudWatch provides you with data and actionable insights to monitor your applications, respond to system-wide performance changes, optimize resource utilization, and get a unified view of operational health. CloudWatch collects monitoring and operational data in the form of logs, metrics, and events, providing you with a unified view of AWS resources, applications, and services that run on AWS and on-premises servers

 According to the AWS shared responsibility model, AWS is responsible for the security of the cloud, while the user is responsible for the security in the cloud. This means that AWS manages the security and maintenance of the underlying infrastructure, such as the servers, networks, and operating systems, while the user manages the security and configuration of the resources and applications that run on AWS. For AWS Lambda functions, the tasks that are the user’s responsibility are:

Establish the IAM permissions that define who can run the Lambda functions. IAM is a service that enables users to manage access and permissions for AWS resources and users. Users can create IAM policies, roles, and users to grant or deny permissions to run Lambda functions, invoke other AWS services, or access AWS resources from Lambda functions. [AWS Lambda Permissions] AWS Certified Cloud Practitioner - aws.amazon.com

Write the code for the Lambda functions to define the application logic. Lambda functions are units of code that can be written in any supported programming language, such as Python, Node.js, Java, or Go. Users can write the code for the Lambda functions using the AWS Management Console, the AWS Command Line Interface (AWS CLI), the AWS SDKs, or any code editor of their choice. Users can also use AWS Lambda Layers to share and manage common code and dependencies across multiple functions. [AWS Lambda Overview] AWS Certified Cloud Practitioner - aws.amazon.com

 The AWS service that the company should use for the data warehouse is Amazon Redshift. Amazon Redshift is a fully managed, petabyte-scale data warehouse service that is optimized for analytical queries. It can integrate with various data sources and business intelligence tools to provide fast and cost-effective insights. Amazon Redshift also offers high availability, scalability, security, and compliance features. [Amazon Redshift Overview]

AWS Secrets Manager is a service that helps you protect access to your applications, services, and IT resources. This service enables you to easily rotate, manage, and retrieve database credentials, API keys, and other secrets throughout their lifecycle1. Amazon S3 is a storage service that does not offer automatic rotation of credentials. AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store is a service that provides secure, hierarchical storage for configuration data management and secrets management2, but it does not offer automatic rotation of credentials. AWS CloudTrail is a service that enables governance, compliance, operational auditing, and risk auditing of your AWS account3, but it does not store or rotate credentials.

AWS WAF is the AWS service or feature that offers HTTP attack protection to users running public-facing web applications. AWS WAF is a web application firewall that helps users protect their web applications from common web exploits, such as SQL injection, cross-site scripting, and bot attacks. Users can create custom rules to define the web traffic that they want to allow, block, or count. Users can also use AWS Managed Rules, which are pre-configured rules that are curated and maintained by AWS or AWS Marketplace Sellers. AWS WAF can be integrated with other AWS services, such as Amazon CloudFront, Amazon API Gateway, and Application Load Balancer, to provide comprehensive security for web applications. [AWS WAF Overview] AWS Certified Cloud Practitioner - aws.amazon.com

AWS customer carbon footprint tool is an AWS service or tool that helps companies measure the environmental impact of their AWS usage. It allows users to estimate the carbon emissions associated with their AWS resources and services, such as EC2, S3, and Lambda. It also provides recommendations and best practices to reduce the carbon footprint and improve the sustainability of their AWS workloads4. AWS Compute Optimizer is an AWS service that helps users optimize the performance and cost of their EC2 instances and Auto Scaling groups. It provides recommendations for optimal instance types, sizes, and configurations based on the workload characteristics andutilization metrics. It does not help users measure the environmental impact of their AWS usage. Sustainability pillar is a concept that refers to the ability of a system to operate in an environmentally friendly and socially responsible manner. It is not an AWS service or tool that helps users measure the environmental impact of their AWS usage. OS-Climate (Open Source Climate Data Commons) is an initiative that aims to provide open source data, tools, and platforms to accelerate climate action and innovation. It is not an AWS service or tool that helps users measure the environmental impact of their AWS usage.

 Designing loosely coupled components is a design principle that should be considered when architecting in the AWS Cloud. Loose coupling is a way of designing systems to reduce interdependencies and minimize the impact of changes. Loose coupling allows components to interact with each other through well-defined interfaces, rather than direct references. This reducesthe risk of failures and errors propagating across the system, and enables greater scalability, availability, and maintainability5.

 One of the advantages of AWS Cloud computing is that it minimizes variable costs by leveraging economies of scale. This means that AWS can achieve lower costs per unit of computing resources by spreading the fixed costs of building and maintaining data centers over a large number of customers. As a result, AWS can offer lower and more predictable prices to its customers, who only pay for the resources they consume. Therefore, the correct answer is B. You can learn more about AWS pricing and economies of scale

 Cost Explorer is an AWS service or tool that can be used to forecast AWS spending. It allows users to analyze their AWS costs and usage using interactive graphs and tables. It also provides features such as filtering, grouping, and forecasting to help users plan their future spending. Amazon DevPay is an AWS service that allows developers to sell applications that are built on AWS services. It handles the billing and metering for the customers of the applications and collects payments from them. It is not a tool for forecasting AWS spending. AWS Organizations is an AWS service that allows users to centrally manage and govern their AWS accounts. It provides features such as creating groups of accounts, applying policies, and automating account creation. It is not a tool for forecasting AWS spending. AWS Trusted Advisor is an AWS service that provides best practices and recommendations to optimize the performance, security, and cost of AWS resources. It can helpusers identify opportunities to reduce their AWS costs, but it is not a tool for forecasting AWS spending

The correct answers are B and C because they are advantages of the AWS Cloud. High economies of scale means that AWS can achieve lower variable costs than customers can get on their own. Launch globally in minutes means that AWS has a global infrastructure that allows customers to deploy their applications and data across multiple regions and availability zones. The other options are incorrect because they are not advantages of the AWS Cloud. Trade variable expenses for capital expenses means that customers have to invest heavily in data centers and servers before they know how they will use them. Focus on managing hardware infrastructure means that customers have to spend time and money on maintaining and upgrading their physical resources. Overprovision to ensure capacity means that customers have to pay for more resources than they actually need to avoid performance issues. Reference: What is Cloud Computing?

AWS Outposts is a service that offers fully managed and configurable compute and storage racks built with AWS-designed hardware that allow you to run your workloads on premises and seamlessly connect to AWS services in the cloud. AWS Outposts is ideal for workloads that require low latency, local data processing, or local data storage. With AWS Outposts, you can use the same AWS APIs, tools, and infrastructure across on premises and the cloud to deliver a truly consistent hybrid experience5. Availability Zones are isolated locations within each AWS Region that are engineered to be fault-tolerant and provide high availability. AWS Local Zones are extensions of AWS Regions that are placed closer to large population, industry, and IT centers where no AWS Region exists today. AWS Wavelength is a service that enables developers to build applications that deliver ultra-low latency to mobile devices and users by deploying AWS compute and storage at the edge of the 5G network. None of these services or features can help you host a critical application with minimum latency at a remote site that has a slow internet connection.

 The correct answer is D because cost allocation tags are a way to track the infrastructure costs for each of the projects separately. Cost allocation tags are key-value pairs that can be attached to AWS resources, such as EC2 instances, and used to categorize and group them for billing purposes. The other options are incorrect because they do not meet the requirements of the question. Use a different EC2 instance type for each project does not help to track the costs for each project, and may impact the performance and compatibility of the applications. Publish project-specific custom Amazon CloudWatch metrics for each application does not help to track the costs for each project, and may incur additional charges for using CloudWatch. Deploy EC2 instances for each project in a separate AWS account does help to track the costs for each project, but it impacts the existing infrastructure and incurs additional charges for using multiple accounts. Reference: Using Cost Allocation Tags

 AWS CloudFormation is a service that gives developers and businesses an easy way to create a collection of related AWS and third-party resources, and provision and manage them in an orderly and predictable fashion. You can use AWS CloudFormation’s sample templates or create your own templates to describe the AWS and third-party resources, and any associated dependencies or runtime parameters, required to run your application.

The correct answer is B because Amazon ElastiCache is a service that provides in-memory data storage. Amazon ElastiCache is a fully managed, scalable, and high-performance service that supports two popular open-source in-memory engines: Redis and Memcached. Amazon ElastiCache allows users to store and retrieve data from fast, low-latency, and high-throughput in-memory systems. Users can use Amazon ElastiCache to improve the performance of their applications by caching frequently accessed data, reducing database load, and enabling real-time data processing. The other options are incorrect because they are not services that provide in-memory data storage. Amazon DynamoDB is a service that provides key-value and document data storage. Amazon RDS is a service that provides relational data storage. Amazon Timestream is a service that provides time series data storage. Reference: Amazon ElastiCache FAQs

The correct answer is D because AWS Enterprise Support is the support plan that provides customers with access to an AWS technical account manager (TAM). AWS Enterprise Support is the highest level of support plan offered by AWS, and it provides customers with the most comprehensive and personalized support experience. An AWS TAM is a dedicated technical resource who works closely with customers to understand their business and technical needs, provide proactive guidance, and coordinate support across AWS teams. The other options are incorrect because they are not support plans that provide customers with access to an AWS TAM. AWS Basic Support is the default and free support plan that provides customers with access to online documentation, forums, and account information. AWS Developer Support is the lowest level of paid support plan that provides customers with access to technical support during business hours, general guidance, and best practice recommendations. AWS Business Support is the intermediate level of paid support plan that provides customers with access to technical support 24/7, system health checks, architectural guidance, and case management. Reference: AWS Support Plans

The correct answer is C because Dedicated Hosts are Amazon EC2 instances that are required when a user wants to utilize their existing per-socket, per-core, or per-virtual machine software licenses for a Microsoft Windows server running on AWS. Dedicated Hosts are physical servers that are dedicated to a single customer. Dedicated Hosts allow customers to use their existing server-bound software licenses, such as Windows Server, SQL Server, and SUSE Linux Enterprise Server, subject to their license terms. The other options are incorrect because they are not Amazon EC2 instances that are required when a user wants to utilize their existing per-socket, per-core, or per-virtual machine software licenses for a Microsoft Windows server running on AWS. Spot Instances are spare Amazon EC2 instances that are available at up to 90% discount compared to On-Demand prices. Spot Instances are suitable for stateless, fault-tolerant, and flexible workloads that can recover from interruptions easily. Dedicated Instances are Amazon EC2 instances that run on hardware that is dedicated to a single customer, but not to a specific physical server. Dedicated Instances do not allow customers to use their existing server-bound software licenses. Reserved Instances are Amazon EC2 instances that are reserved for a specific period of time (one or three years) in exchange for a lower hourly rate. Reserved Instances are suitable for steady-state or predictable workloads that run for a long duration. Reserved Instances do not allow customers to use their existing server-bound software licenses. Reference: Dedicated Hosts, Amazon EC2 Instance Purchasing Options

 EFS Standard-Infrequent Access (EFS Standard-IA) is the storage class that meets the requirements of storing data across multiple Availability Zones in an AWS Region, that will not be accessed regularly but must be immediately retrievable, most cost-effectively. EFS Standard-IA is designed for files that are accessed less frequently, but still require the same high performance, low latency, and high availability as EFS Standard. EFS Standard-IA has a lower storage cost than EFS Standard, but charges a small additional fee for each access. EFS One Zone and EFS One Zone-IA store data in a single Availability Zone, which reduces the availability and durability compared to EFS Standard and EFS Standard-IA.

Amazon CloudFront with Amazon S3 is a solution that allows you to provide static files securely to users from around the world. Amazon CloudFront is a fast content delivery network (CDN) service that securely delivers data, videos, applications, and APIs to customers globally with low latency, high transfer speeds, all within a developer-friendly environment. Amazon S3 is an object storage service that offers industry-leading scalability, data availability, security, and performance. You can use Amazon S3 to store and retrieve any amount of data from anywhere. You can also configure Amazon S3 to work with Amazon CloudFront to distribute your content to edge locations near your users for faster delivery and lower latency. Amazon Kinesis Data Streams is a service that enables you to build custom applications that process or analyze streaming data for specialized needs. This option is not relevant for providing static files securely. Amazon EC2 instances with an Application Load Balancer is a solution that allows you to distribute incoming traffic across multiple targets, such as EC2 instances, in multiple Availability Zones. This option is suitable for dynamic web applications, but not necessary for static files. Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) is a service that provides a simple, scalable, fully managed elastic NFS file system for use with AWS Cloud services and on-premises resources. This option is not relevant for providing static files securely.

 An AWS Region is a specific location within a geographic area that provides high availability. An AWS Region consists of two or more Availability Zones, which are isolated locations within the sameRegion. Each Availability Zone has independent power, cooling, and physical security, and is connected to the other Availability Zones in the same Region by low-latency, high-throughput, and highly redundant networking. AWS services are available in multiple Regions around the world, allowing the user to choose where to run their applications and store their data1.

AWS Outposts is an AWS service that meets the requirement of running AWS services on premises with access to the company network and the company’s VPC. AWS Outposts is a fully managed service that extends AWS infrastructure, AWS services, APIs, and tools to virtually any datacenter, co-location space, or on-premises facility for a truly consistent hybrid experience. AWS Outposts is ideal for workloads that require low latency access to on-premises systems, local data processing, or local data storage2.

Testing recovery procedures is the design principle that is achieved by following the reliability pillar of the AWS Well-Architected Framework. The reliability pillar focuses on the ability of a system to recover from failures and prevent disruptions. Testing recovery procedures helps to ensure that the system can handle different failure scenarios and restore normal operations as quickly as possible. Testing recovery procedures also helps to identify and mitigate any risks or gaps in the system design and implementation. For more information, see [Reliability Pillar] and [Testing for Reliability].

The correct answers are A and B because Service Quotas console and AWS Trusted Advisor are AWS services or tools that can report on the quotas so that the company can improve the reliability of the application. Service Quotas console is an AWS tool that enables users to view and manage their quotas for AWS services from a central location. Users can use Service Quotas console to request quota increases, track quota usage, and set up alarms for approaching quota limits. AWS Trusted Advisor is an AWS service that provides real-time guidance to help users follow AWS best practices for security, performance, cost optimization, and fault tolerance. One of the categories of checks that AWS Trusted Advisor performs is service limits, which monitors the usage of each AWS service and alerts users when they are close to reaching the default limit. The other options are incorrect because they are not AWS services or tools that can report on the quotas so that the company can improve the reliability of the application. AWS Systems Manager is an AWS service that enables users to automate operational tasks, manage configuration and compliance, and monitor system health and performance. AWS Shield is an AWS service that protects users from distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks. AWS Cost Explorer is an AWS tool that enables users to visualize, understand, and manage their AWS costs and usage. Reference: Service Quotas, AWS Trusted Advisor FAQs

Rightsizing all the EC2 instances that are used in the deployment is the best way to run the workload in the most cost-effective way. Rightsizing means choosing the optimal instance type and size for the workload based on the performance and capacity requirements. Rightsizing helps to avoid over-provisioning or under-provisioning of the EC2 instances, which can result in wasted resources or poor performance. Rightsizing also helps to take advantage of the different pricing models and features that AWS offers, such as On-Demand, Reserved, and Spot Instances, and Auto Scaling. For more information, see Rightsizing Your Instances and [Cost Optimization with AWS].

Amazon GuardDuty is a service that provides intelligent threat detection and continuous monitoring for the AWS environment. It analyzes network and account activity using machine learning and threat intelligence to identify potential security threats, such as unauthorized access, compromised credentials, malicious hosts, and reconnaissance activities. It also generates detailed and actionable findings that can be viewed on the AWS Management Console or sent to other AWS services, such as Amazon CloudWatch Events and AWS Lambda, for further analysis or remediation. Amazon GuardDuty OverviewAWS Certified Cloud Practitioner - aws.amazon.com

 The services that can be used to deploy applications on AWS are:

AWS Elastic Beanstalk. This is a service that simplifies the deployment and management of web applications on AWS. Users can upload their application code and Elastic Beanstalk automatically handles the provisioning, scaling, load balancing, monitoring, and health checking of the resources needed to run the application. Users can also retain full control and access to the underlying resources and customize their configuration settings. Elastic Beanstalk supports multiple platforms, such as Java, .NET, PHP, Node.js, Python, Ruby, Go, and Docker. [AWS Elastic Beanstalk Overview] AWS Certified Cloud Practitioner - aws.amazon.com

AWS OpsWorks. This is a service that provides configuration management and automation for AWS resources. Users can define the application architecture and the configuration of each resource using Chef or Puppet, which are popular open-source automation platforms. OpsWorks then automatically creates and configures the resources according to the user’s specifications. OpsWorks also provides features such as auto scaling, monitoring, and integration with other AWS services. OpsWorks has two offerings: OpsWorks for Chef Automate and OpsWorks for Puppet Enterprise. [AWS OpsWorks Overview] AWS Certified Cloud Practitioner - aws.amazon.com

Amazon DynamoDB is a fully managed NoSQL database service that provides fast and predictable performance with seamless scalability. It supports both key-value and document data models, and allows you to create tables that can store and retrieve any amount of data, and serve any level of request traffic. You can also use DynamoDB Streams to capture data modification events in DynamoDB tables.

 Amazon EventBridge is the service that the company should use to meet the requirement of invoking the Lambda function once a day at a specific time. Amazon EventBridge is a serverless event bus service that allows you to easily connect your applications with data from AWS services, SaaS applications, and your own applications. You can use Amazon EventBridge to create rules that match events and route them to targets such as AWS Lambda functions, Amazon SNS topics, Amazon SQS queues, or other AWS services. You can also use Amazon EventBridge to create scheduled rules that trigger your targets at a specific time or interval, such as once a day. AWS Managed Services (AMS), AWS CodeStar, and AWS Step Functions are not services that the company should use to meet this requirement. AMS is a service that provides operational management for your AWS infrastructure and applications. AWS CodeStar is a service that provides a unified user interface for managing software development projects on AWS. AWS Step Functions is a service that coordinates multiple AWS services into serverless workflows.

 AWS Artifact is the AWS service that can provide security and compliance documents for an upcoming audit. AWS Artifact is a self-service portal that allows users to access and download AWS compliance reports and agreements. These documents provide evidence of AWS’s compliance with global, regional, and industry-specific security standards and regulations

 The duties that are the responsibility of a company that is using AWS Lambda are security inside of code and writing and updating of code. AWS Lambda is a serverless compute service that allows you to run code without provisioning or managing servers, scaling, or patching. AWS Lambda takes care of the security of the underlying infrastructure, such as the operating system, the network, and the firewall. However, the company is still responsible for the security of the code itself, such as encrypting sensitive data, validating input, and handling errors. The company is also responsible for writing and updating the code that defines the Lambda function, and choosing the runtime environment, such as Node.js, Python, or Java. AWS Lambda does not require the selection of CPU resources, as it automatically allocates them based on the memory configuration34

 The AWS service that will meet the requirements of the company that needs to host a highly available application in the AWS Cloud that runs infrequently for short periods of time with the least amount of operational overhead is AWS Lambda. AWS Lambda is a serverless compute service that allows customers to run code without provisioning or managing servers. The company can use AWS Lambda to create and deploy their application as functions that are triggered by events, such as API calls, messages, or schedules. AWS Lambda automatically scales the compute resources based on the demand, and customers only pay for the compute time they consume. AWS Lambda also simplifies the management and maintenance of the application, as customers do not need to worry about the underlying infrastructure, security, or availability. Amazon EC2, AWS Fargate, and Amazon Aurora are not the best services to use for this purpose. Amazon EC2 is a service that provides scalable compute capacity in the cloud, and allows customers to launch and run virtual servers, called instances, with a variety of operating systems, configurations, and specifications. Amazon EC2 requires customers to provision and manage the instances, and pay for the instance hours they use, regardless of the application usage. AWS Fargate is a serverless compute engine for containers that allows customers to run containerized applications without managing servers or clusters. AWS Fargate requires customers to specify the amount of CPU and memory resources for each container, and pay for the resources they allocate, regardless of the application usage. Amazon Aurora is a fully managed relational database service that provides high performance, availability, and compatibility. Amazon Aurora is not a compute service, and it is not suitable for hosting an application that runs infrequently for short periods of time12

 Patch management and configuration management are controls that are the responsibility of both AWS and AWS customers, according to the AWS shared responsibility model. Patch management is the process of applying updates to software and applications to fix vulnerabilities, bugs, or performance issues. Configuration management is the process of defining and maintaining the settings and parameters of systems and applications to ensure their consistency and reliability. AWS is responsible for patching and configuring the software and services that it manages, such as the AWS global infrastructure, the hypervisor, and the AWS managed services. The customer is responsible for patching and configuring the software and services that they manage, such as the guest operating system, the applications, and the AWS customer-managed services. Physical and environmental controls are the responsibility of AWS, according to the AWS shared responsibility model. Physical and environmental controls are the measures that protect the physical security and availability of the AWS global infrastructure, such as power, cooling, fire suppression, and access control. AWS is responsible for maintaining these controls and ensuring the resilience and reliability of the AWS Cloud. Account structures are the responsibility of the customer, according to the AWS shared responsibility model. Account structures are the ways that customers organize and manage their AWS accounts and resources, such as using AWS Organizations, IAM users and roles, resource tagging, and billing preferences. The customer is responsible for creating and configuring these structures and ensuring the security and governance of their AWS environment. Choice of the AWS Region where data is stored is the responsibility of the customer, according to the AWS sharedresponsibility model. AWS Regions are geographic areas that consist of multiple isolated Availability Zones. Customers can choose which AWS Region to store their data and run their applications, depending on their latency, compliance, and cost requirements. The customer is responsible for selecting the appropriate AWS Region and ensuring the data sovereignty and regulatory compliance of their data.

 Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) and Amazon FSx offer file storage. File storage is a type of storage that organizes data into files and folders, and allows multiple users or applications to access and share the same files over a network. Amazon EFS is a fully managed, scalable, and elastic file system that supports the Network File System (NFS) protocol and can be used with Amazon EC2 instances and AWS Lambda functions. Amazon FSx is a fully managed service that provides two file system options: Amazon FSx for Windows File Server, which supports the Server Message Block(SMB) protocol and is compatible with Microsoft Windows applications; and Amazon FSx for Lustre, which is a high-performance file system that is optimized for compute-intensive workloads

 The ability to deploy to AWS on a global scale is a cloud benefit that AWS offers to its users. AWS has a global infrastructure that consists of AWS Regions, Availability Zones, and edge locations. Users can choose from multiple AWS Regions around the world to deploy their applications and data closer to their end users, while also meeting their compliance and regulatory requirements. Users can also leverage AWS services, such as Amazon CloudFront, Amazon Route 53, and AWS Global Accelerator, to improve the performance and availability of their global applications. AWS also provides tools and guidance to help users optimize their global deployments, such as AWS Well-Architected Framework, AWS CloudFormation, and AWS Migration Hub. AWS Global Infrastructure [AWS Cloud Value Framework] AWS Certified Cloud Practitioner - aws.amazon.com

 Spot Instances are spare Amazon EC2 instances that are available at up to 90% discount compared to On-Demand prices. They are suitable for workloads that can tolerate interruptions, such as batch processing, data analysis, and testing. Spot Instances are allocated based on the current supply and demand, and can be reclaimed by AWS with a two-minute notice when the demand exceeds the supply5. Convertible Reserved Instances are a type of Reserved Instances that provide a significant discount (up to 54%) compared to On-Demand prices and a capacity reservation for Amazon EC2 instances. They are available in 1-year or 3-year terms and allow users to change the instance family, size, operating system, or tenancy during the term. Standard Reserved Instances are another type of Reserved Instances that provide a larger discount (up to 75%) compared to On-Demand prices and a capacity reservation for Amazon EC2 instances. They are available in 1-year or 3-year terms and do not allow users to change the instance attributes during the term. Dedicated Hosts are physical servers with Amazon EC2 instance capacity fully dedicated to the user’s use. They are suitable for users who have specific server-bound software licenses or compliance requirements.

The correct answer is B because Application Load Balancer is an AWS load balancer that will meet the requirements and take the least amount of effort to deploy. Application Load Balancer is a type of Elastic Load Balancing that operates at the application layer (layer 7) of the OSI model and routes requests to targets based on the content of the request. Application Load Balancer supports advanced features, such as path-based routing, host-based routing, and HTTP header-based routing. The other options are incorrect because they are not AWS load balancers that will meet the requirements and take the least amount of effort to deploy. Network Load Balancer is a type of Elastic Load Balancing that operates at the transport layer (layer 4) of the OSI model and routes requests to targets based on the destination IP address and port. Network Load Balancer does not support path-based routing. AWS OpsWorks Load Balancer is not an AWS load balancer, but rather a feature of AWS OpsWorks that enables users to attach an Elastic Load Balancing load balancer to a layer of their stack. Custom Load Balancer on Amazon EC2 is not an AWS load balancer, but rather a user-defined load balancer that runs on an Amazon EC2 instance. Custom Load Balancer on Amazon EC2 requires more effort to deploy and maintain than an AWS load balancer. Reference: Elastic Load Balancing

The solution that meets the requirement of the company that runs a database on Amazon Aurora in the us-east-1 Region and has a disaster recovery requirement that the database be available inanother Region with minimal disruption to the database operations is to deploy Aurora cross-Region read replicas. Aurora cross-Region read replicas are secondary Aurora clusters that are created in a different AWS Region from the primary Aurora cluster, and are kept in sync with the primary cluster using physical replication. The company can use Aurora cross-Region read replicas to improve the availability and durability of the database, as well as to reduce the recovery time objective (RTO) and recovery point objective (RPO) in case of a regional disaster. Performing an Aurora Multi-AZ deployment, creating Amazon EBS volume snapshots for Aurora and copying them to another Region, and deploying Aurora Replicas are not the best solutions for this requirement. An Aurora Multi-AZ deployment is a configuration that creates one or more Aurora Replicas within the same AWS Region as the primary Aurora cluster, and provides automatic failover in case of an Availability Zone outage. However, this does not provide cross-Region disaster recovery. Creating Amazon EBS volume snapshots for Aurora and copying them to another Region is a manual process that requires stopping the database, creating the snapshots, copying them to the target Region, and restoring them to a new Aurora cluster. This process can cause significant downtime and data loss. Deploying Aurora Replicas is a configuration that creates one or more secondary Aurora clusters within the same AWS Region as the primary Aurora cluster, and provides read scaling and high availability. However, this does not provide cross-Region disaster recovery.

Amazon RDS supports six database engines: Amazon Aurora, MySQL, MariaDB, PostgreSQL, Oracle, and SQL Server. Apache Cassandra, MongoDB, and Neo4j are not compatible with Amazon RDS. Therefore, the correct answer is D. You can learn more about Amazon RDS and its supported database engines

 The correct answer is C because Amazon Cognito provides identity federation and user authentication for web and mobile applications. Amazon Cognito allows users to sign in with their social media, email, or online shopping accounts. The other options are incorrect because they do not provide identity federation or user authentication. AWS IAM Identity Center (AWS Single Sign-On) is a service that enables users to access multiple AWS accounts and applications with a single sign-on experience. AWS Config is a service that enables users to assess, audit, and evaluate the configurations of their AWS resources. AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) is a service that enables users to manage access to AWS resources using users, groups, roles, and policies. Reference: Amazon Cognito FAQs