CWNP CWISA-102 Dumps

• SBCs (Single Board Computers): Designed as standalone, small-form-factor computers. They often include:
• Controller Boards: Focus on controlling specific hardware or systems.

References

• SBC Examples: https://www.raspberrypi.org/, https://www.beagleboard.org/
• Controller Board Examples: https://www.arduino.cc/

• Privilege Creep Defined: Gradual accumulation of excessive permissions over time, often due to users changing roles or access needs not being adjusted accordingly.
• Other Terms:

References:

• Principle of Least Privilege: Security best practice emphasizing the need to minimize access to only what's necessary.
• Access Control Models: Discussions of how privilege creep can violate security principles.

• WBAN Range: Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) specialize in short-range communication around the human body. Typical ranges fall within 1-2 meters.
• Purpose: This range is designed to:

References

• WBAN Overview: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_area_network
• WBAN Research Paper (Check Range Discussion): https://www.mdpi.com/2224-2708/11/4/67

• JSON Fundamentals: JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) is a text-based format for representing data in a structured, yet flexible way. Its key features are:
• JSON vs. Other Options

References:

• JSON Introduction: Clear definitions and examples of its syntax. (e.g., https://www.json.org/json-en.html)
• JSON Data Structures: Explanations of how arrays and nested objects are handled within JSON.

• Requirements Drive Decisions: The decision between wired or wireless must align with the solution's overall purpose, performance targets, and operational constraints.
• Key Considerations:
• Other Factors are Important, But Secondary: Distance, PoE availability, specific applications all matter, but they are assessed within the context of the overarching business needs.

References:

• Wireless vs. Wired Network Design: Comparisons of pros and cons, highlighting how use cases guide the choice.
• IoT Solution Planning: Materials on defining requirements before selecting technology.

• Purpose of POC: A proof-of-concept (POC) validates the feasibility and potential value of a solution within its intended operational environment.
• Scaling: POCs are small-scale, allowing for quicker and less costly testing before committing to a full-scale deployment.
• Real-world Evaluation: Unlike manufacturer demos, a POC exposes the system to the unique variables (e.g., interference, usage patterns) present in the user's specific setting.

References:

• IT project management: Materials discussing the role of proof-of-concept phases and their goals.

• Coexistence Priority: Frequency coordination is the most critical aspect in ensuring that multiple wireless solutions function without significant interference.
• Impact of Interference: Uncoordinated frequencies lead to:

• Smart Building Core Benefit: Smart building technologies primarily aim to optimize a building's operational efficiency through automation and data-driven insights.
• Efficiency Examples:

References

• Smart Buildings: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_building
• Articles on Benefits of Smart Buildings: A quick search will yield many resources detailing these advantages.

• Decibel (dB): A logarithmic unit expressing ratios of power or signal strength. It's used in RF contexts due to the wide range of signal levels encountered.
• Examples:

References

• Decibel: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decibel

• IETF's Focus: The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) primarily develops and standardizes internet protocols operating at the Network Layer (Layer 3) and above in the OSI model.
• Key Protocols: Some prominent IETF-developed protocols include:

References

• IETF Website: https://www.ietf.org/
• OSI Model: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OSI_model

• SINR vs. SNR:
• Practical Importance: SINR is a more realistic indicator of real-world signal quality in wireless environments where interference is a significant factor.

References

• SINR: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal-to-interference-plus-noise_ratio
• SNR: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal-to-noise_ratio

• Legacy Support: The primary reason to continue using older wireless technologies is the need to connect with devices that don't support newer standards (e.g., old sensors or equipment).
• Other Reasons (Not as Strong):

• BLE Beacon Power Efficiency: Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) beacons are designed for low power consumption. Their primary function is to periodically broadcast short data packets (advertising their presence).
• Other Technologies:

• Lab Purpose: Wireless testing labs offer controlled settings to:
• Other Benefits (While not the primary benefit):

References

• Benefits of IT Labs: Can be extended from wireless to broader IT experimentation and learning. (Articles on this topic are readily available)

• LoRa: This refers to the underlying radio modulation technique using Chirp Spread Spectrum (CSS). It defines how data is physically encoded onto the wireless signal.
• LoRaWAN: This is the network protocol built on top of LoRa. It manages device communication, network topology, and aspects like security. It operates at the MAC sublayer of the Data Link layer (Layer 2) of the OSI model
• LoRa vs. LoRaWAN: Key takeaway is that LoRa is the physical layer technology, while LoRaWAN adds the networking layer for management.

References:

• LoRa Modulation: Technical explanations of Chirp Spread Spectrum (CSS).
• LoRaWAN Specification: Official documentation detailing the network architecture and MAC layer functions.
• OSI Model: Descriptions of the Data Link layer and its role in networking.

• HTTP's Popularity: HTTP is the foundation of the web, making it widely known and supported. Developers have extensive familiarity with its concepts (methods, headers, status codes, etc.).
• REST APIs and Webhooks: These often leverage HTTP for communication, building upon existing knowledge and tools.
• Tradeoffs:

References:

• REST APIs: Overviews of their use of HTTP, demonstrating its prevalence in API development.
• Developer Experience with HTTP: Discussions on the familiarity with and availability of HTTP libraries in various programming languages

The concept described is Free Space Path Loss (FSPL). FSPL refers to the reduction in power density of an electromagnetic wave as it propagates through a clear, unobstructed path in free space. This weakening of the signal is due to the spreading of the wavefront as it travels, causing the power to be distributed over a larger area. The FSPL can be calculated using the Friis Transmission Equation, which shows that the received power decreases with the square of the distance from the transmitter. This concept is fundamental to understanding the behavior of RF signals in various communication systems, including wireless IoT, where the signal strength at the receiver is a critical factor for reliable data transmission.

References:The information provided aligns with the Friis Transmission Equation, which models how the power of an RF signal decreases with distance1. Additionally, the concept of FSPL is a well-known phenomenon in RF propagation, affecting the design and optimization of wireless communication systems

• QAM Constellations: QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) uses a constellation diagram where points represent unique combinations of amplitude and phase.
• Bits per Symbol: The number in QAM-XX indicates the number of points:
• Higher Data Rates: More points in the constellation enable transmitting more bits per symbol, leading to higher data rates at the same bandwidth.

References

• QAM: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadrature_amplitude_modulation

• Cloud-based applications drive bandwidth usage: Applications like Google Suite, Microsoft 365, and video conferencing (Zoom, Teams) are commonly used in educational settings. These rely on cloud servers, requiring significant downloads and uploads.
• Shift towards online learning: More schools are utilizing online learning platforms and resources, further increasing their dependence on cloud-based solutions.
• Streaming, torrents, wearables less impactful: Streaming music and torrent sites can contribute, but their impact is generally less significant. Wearables in education are still niche despite their potential.

References

• Trends in education technology: Reports on the rise of cloud-based learning platforms in schools.
• Network usage studies in schools: Research on bandwidth usage patterns can confirm the primary drivers of traffic in educational settings.

• Key Modulation Differences:

References

• ASK: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amplitude-shift_keying
• FSK: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency-shift_keying