ECCouncil 312-76 Dumps

Proven Reliability is a hallmark of mainframes, known for uptime and robustness in critical applications.

Option B (Openness):More for open systems, not mainframes.

Option C (Pluralism):Not a technical feature.

Option D (Transparency):Not a mainframe characteristic.

“Mainframes feature proven reliability, supporting continuous operation for mission-critical environments” (Module: Computing Systems, Section: Mainframe Features).

Network Attached Storage (NAS) is a dedicated server designed for file storage and sharing over a network, perfectly matching the question’s description.

Option A (Data Virtualization):Abstracts data access, not a server.

Option B (Cloud Storage):Offsite storage service, not a dedicated server.

Option C (SAN):Block-level storage network, not file-focused.

“NAS is a dedicated file storage and sharing server, accessible over networks, ideal for centralized data management” (Module: Storage Technologies, Section: NAS Overview).

Mission Essential Functions (MEF) are critical tasks an organization must maintain or quickly resume post-disruption to ensure continuity.

Option A (BIA):Identifies impacts, not tasks.

Option B (Mitigation):Reduces risks, not task-focused.

Option D (MAD):Downtime limit, not tasks.

“Mission Essential Functions (MEF) are vital tasks requiring continuous or rapid resumption to sustain operations post-incident” (Module: Business Continuity Planning, Section: MEF Definition).

On-Premise Disk-Based Archiving uses local disk systems with tools for access and cataloging, incurring cooling and maintenance costs, as described.

Option A (Optical):Low cost, no cooling needs.

Option C (Legacy):Outdated systems, not specified here.

Option D (Cloud-Based):Offsite, minimal local maintenance costs.

“On-Premise Disk-Based Archiving offers accessible data cataloging with recurring costs for cooling and upkeep” (Module: Data Archiving, Section: Archiving Methods).

Business Impact Analysis (BIA) determines the potential impact of disruptions on business processes, identifying critical functions and consequences.

Option A (Risk Management):Mitigates risks, not impact-focused.

Option C (Risk Assessment):Identifies risks, not their impact.

Option D (Vulnerability Assessment):Finds weaknesses, not process impact.

“Business Impact Analysis (BIA) quantifies the effects of disruptions on business processes, a cornerstone of continuity planning” (Module: Business Impact Analysis, Section: BIA Purpose).

Exit Criteria define the conditions for test completion, here 90% pass rate, indicating successful DR plan validation.

Option A (Entry Criteria):Conditions to start testing, not finish.

Option C (STLC):Broad testing process, not specific criteria.

Option D (Suspension):Conditions to pause testing, not success.

“Exit Criteria, such as a 90% pass rate, determine when DR testing is successfully completed, ensuring plan reliability” (Module: Testing Disaster Recovery Plans, Section: Test Criteria).

A Differential Backup copies all data changed since the last full backup, growing larger each time as more changes accumulate, matching Jonah’s observation of increasing storage use.

Option B (Online Data Backup):A delivery method, not a type.

Option C (Incremental Backup):Only backs up changes since the last backup, not growing as much.

Option D (Full System Backup):Copies everything, consistently large, not incremental growth.

“Differential Backups expand daily by capturing all changes since the last full backup, increasing storage needs with each run” (Module: Data Backup and Recovery, Section: Backup Types).

A Simulation Test mimics a specific disaster scenario to evaluate the BCP’s effectiveness, as Roger did.

Option B (Orientation):Introduces the plan, not scenario-based.

Option C (Checklist):Reviews steps, not a simulation.

Option D (Tabletop):Discussion-based, not a live simulation.

“Simulation Tests replicate disaster scenarios to assess BCP response, testing procedures in a controlled environment” (Module: Testing Disaster Recovery Plans, Section: Test Types).

Recovery Consistency Objective (RCO) measures the allowable deviation between actual and target data consistency, critical for ABC’s distributed data plan.

Option B (ROG):Data recovery detail level, not consistency.

Option C (RLS):Geographic recovery scope, not deviation.

Option D (RSR):Service resilience, not data consistency.

“RCO ensures minimal deviation in data consistency across distributed centers, vital for security and partial loss prevention” (Module: Recovery Metrics, Section: RCO Definition).

Colocation Facilities involve renting space and infrastructure (e.g., cooling, power) in a shared data center, offering a cost-effective backup site solution, as Jack chose.

Option A (Hot Sites):Fully operational, expensive, not cost-focused.

Option B (Cold Sites):Basic space, no pre-installed infrastructure like cooling.

Option C (Warm Sites):Partially equipped, more costly than colocation.

“Colocation Facilities provide cost-efficient backup by renting shared data center resources, including cooling and security, ideal for budget-conscious organizations” (Module: Alternate Sites, Section: Site Types).

Virtualization creates multiple logical servers on one physical server, as Matt did to maximize resources.

Option A (Mirroring):Data duplication, not server creation.

Option C (Deduplication):Reduces redundancy, not server-related.

Option D (Snapshot):Point-in-time copies, not logical servers.

“Virtualization enables multiple logical servers on a single physical host, optimizing resource use for cost-effective operations” (Module: Virtualization and Recovery, Section: Virtualization Basics).

Disaster Recovery (DR) encompasses restoring data, applications, and infrastructure post-disaster, ensuring business operations resume, aligning with the question’s broad scope.

Option A (Data Recovery):Limited to data, not applications or infrastructure.

Option C (Application Recovery):Focuses only on applications.

Option D (Recovery Management):A process, not the ability itself.

“Disaster Recovery restores data, applications, and infrastructure after a disaster, enabling business continuity” (Module: Disaster Recovery Planning, Section: DR Definition).

Reparability refers to how easily technicians can fix or replace failing components, as described.

Option B (Recoverability):Ability to restore systems, not repair ease.

Option C (Robustness):Resilience, not repair-related.

Option D (Redundancy):Backup components, not repair ease.

“Reparability measures the ease of resolving or replacing failed components, critical for rapid system restoration” (Module: System Resilience, Section: Maintenance Concepts).

Polly estimated theImpact, which is the magnitude of damage (here, $200,000) resulting from a risk event (data leak). This drove her decision to upgrade, comparing it to the cost.

Option B (Hazard):A potential source of harm, not the damage estimate.

Option C (Likelihood):Probability of occurrence, not addressed here.

Option D (Vulnerability):Weakness (vulnerable server), not the damage itself.

“Impact, the estimated magnitude of loss from a risk event, such as a data leak costing $200,000, guides mitigation decisions in risk assessment” (Module: Risk Management, Section: Risk Factors).

Continuous Data Protection (CDP) is a technology that continuously captures and saves data changes in real time or near real time, allowing for granular restore points. Unlike traditional backups that occur at scheduled intervals, CDP tracks every change to data, enabling recovery to any point in time before a failure. In this context, CDP is the best fit as it facilitates real-time data capture and recovery.

Option B (Mirroring):Mirroring duplicates data across two or more storage devices for redundancy but doesn’t inherently capture real-time changes for multiple restore points.

Option C (Virtual Tape Library):A VTL emulates tape storage using disk-based systems, primarily for backup, not real-time change capture.

Option D (Disk-to-Disk):D2D refers to backing up data from one disk to another, typically at scheduled intervals, not in real time.

EDRP v3 discusses CDP as an advanced backup technology under data protection strategies, highlighting its role in minimizing data loss by providing continuous recovery points (Module: Data Backup and Recovery).

OS-Based Virtualization (e.g., containerization) uses software like containers (Docker, LXC) or virtual engines to run multiple isolated instances on a single OS kernel, as described.

Option A (Data Virtualization):Abstracts data access, not container-based.

Option B (Network Virtualization):Virtualizes network resources, not OS-based.

Option C (Desktop Virtualization):Virtualizes desktops, not container-specific.

“OS-Based Virtualization leverages containers or virtual engines to isolate applications on a shared OS, enhancing efficiency” (Module: Virtualization and Recovery, Section: Virtualization Types).

A Virtual Tape Library (VTL) is a disk-based storage system designed to emulate traditional tape libraries, allowing organizations to use existing tape backup software with faster disk-based storage. It uses HDDs to mimic tape functionality, improving backup and recovery speed.

Option B (Mirroring):Involves duplicating data across drives, not emulating tape.

Option C (Disk-to-Disk):Refers to disk-based backups but not specifically tape emulation.

Option D (Snapshot):A point-in-time copy of data, not a tape-like system.

EDRP v3 covers VTL as a modern backup solution under storage technologies, noting its role in bridging tape and disk systems (Module: Data Backup and Recovery).

The Disaster Recovery Coordinator manages the daily execution and maintenance of the DR program, making option B the most accurate responsibility. It reflects operational oversight, a core coordinator role.

Option A:More aligned with an auditor or compliance role.

Option C:Technical design, typically a technology team task.

Option D:Executive authority belongs to higher management, not the coordinator.

“The Disaster Recovery Coordinator handles day-to-day management, execution, and maintenance of the DR program, ensuring operational readiness” (Module: Disaster Recovery Teams, Section: Coordinator Roles).

Windows Server Backup, accessed via Administrative Tools in Windows Server 2012, enables backup and restoration capabilities for Mike’s file server.

Option A:MMC is a framework, not the direct access point.

Option C/D (Server Migration):For server transitions, not backup.

“Windows Server Backup, launched from Administrative Tools, provides backup and restore functions in Windows Server 2012” (Module: System Recovery, Section: Windows Server Tools).

Grid Computing clusters computers in a distributed, parallel manner to solve large-scale problems, matching the question’s description.

Option A (Decentralized):Broad term, not specific to clustering.

Option C (Cloud Computing):Service-based, not necessarily parallel clustering.

Option D (Centralized):Opposite of distributed.

“Grid Computing leverages distributed, parallel clusters to process tasks collaboratively, enhancing computational resilience” (Module: Computing Models, Section: Grid Computing).

The Data Protection Continuum is a conceptual framework (often depicted graphically) that illustrates various data protection tools and services, balancing their costs against recovery time objectives (RTO). It helps organizations choose appropriate strategies, from basic backups to advanced replication, based on cost and recovery speed.

Option A (3DR):Likely a typo or unrelated term; not a standard concept.

Option B (Continuous Data Protection):A specific technology, not a broad representation.

Option D (Data Backup):A general process, not a graphical framework.

“The Data Protection Continuum provides a visual model to evaluate data protection options, aligning tools like snapshots, CDP, and replication with cost and RTO requirements, aiding strategic decision-making” (Module: Data Protection Strategies, Section: Protection Frameworks).

System Recovery is the process of restoring a system’s applications and data to a previous state within an acceptable timeframe, as described.

Option A (System Migration):Moving systems, not restoring.

Option B (System Backup):Creating copies, not restoration.

Option C (System Replication):Duplicating data, not recovery.

“System Recovery restores applications and data to a prior state within defined timeframes, ensuring operational continuity post-disaster” (Module: System Recovery, Section: Recovery Processes).

Deja Dup is Ubuntu’s native backup and restore tool, allowing Sam to recover deleted files from a previous backup.

Option B (Checkpoints):Hyper-V term, not Ubuntu.

Option C (Shadow Copy):Windows feature, not Ubuntu.

Option D (Snapshots):General term, not Ubuntu-specific.

“Deja Dup, Ubuntu’s native backup utility, enables file recovery from prior backups, simplifying restoration on Linux systems” (Module: System Recovery, Section: OS-Specific Tools).

Prevention involves proactive measures to avoid or reduce the impact of a disaster before it occurs, such as reinforcing infrastructure or moving assets ahead of a cyclone. Jonas’ actions align with this category as they aim to minimize damage preemptively.

Option B (Backup):Focuses on data duplication, not physical damage prevention.

Option C (Recovery):Involves post-disaster restoration, not preemptive action.

Option D (Resumption):Refers to restarting operations after a disruption.

EDRP v3 classifies prevention as a key phase in disaster management, distinct from recovery or backup (Module: Disaster Recovery Planning).

Colocation facilities provide shared infrastructure like cooling, power, and space (economic advantages) and support backups, but “recovery of servers” is not an inherent advantage—they don’t actively recover servers; that’s the tenant’s responsibility.

Option B (Backup):Supported via infrastructure for backup systems.

Option C (Cooling):A key feature of colocation.

Option D (Economic Advantages):Cost-sharing reduces expenses.

EDRP v3 notes colocation benefits like cooling and cost savings but excludes active server recovery as a facility-provided service (Module: Alternate Sites).

In the 3DR (Data Protection, Disaster Recovery, Doomsday Recovery) model, Remote Backup of Data Protection is termed the “doomsday recovery level,” representing the ultimate offsite safeguard against catastrophic loss.

Option A:Basic local protection, not doomsday-level.

Option B:Long-term storage, not recovery-focused.

Option C:General backup, not remote-specific.

“Remote Backup of Data Protection, dubbed the doomsday recovery level in 3DR, ensures data survival through offsite replication” (Module: Data Protection Strategies, Section: 3DR Model).

Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) compares the costs of an investment (e.g., food truck) with its expected financial benefits to determine profitability, matching Jill’s goal.

Option A (Risk Analysis):Focuses on risks, not profitability.

Option C (Cost Analysis):Examines costs only, not benefits.

Option D (BIA):Assesses disruption impacts, not investment feasibility.

“Cost Benefit Analysis evaluates the financial viability of projects by weighing costs against benefits, aiding investment decisions” (Module: Risk Management, Section: Financial Analysis).

Scalability refers to a system’s ability to handle increased demand by adding resources, such as Joan’s addition of virtual memory to accommodate traffic spikes and reduce delays.

Option A (Transparency):Hides system complexity, not resource expansion.

Option B (Openness):Relates to system accessibility, not capacity.

Option D (Monotonicity):A mathematical property, irrelevant here.

“Scalability enhances system performance by adding resources like memory or nodes to manage increased loads, critical for maintaining service levels” (Module: System Resilience, Section: Scalability Concepts).

Offsite Backup stores data at a separate location (e.g., home or bunker) to protect against site-specific disasters, as described.

Option A (Near-line):Intermediate storage, not offsite-specific.

Option B (Onsite):Local, vulnerable to site issues.

Option C (Online):Cloud-based, not necessarily physical offsite.

“Offsite Backup safeguards data at remote locations, from simple offices to secure bunkers, against site-specific disasters” (Module: Data Backup and Recovery, Section: Backup Locations).

Updating the NIC driver can resolve VMQ issues by improving how the NIC handles virtual machine data queues, addressing slow transmission due to restrictions.

Option A:Storage performance doesn’t directly fix VMQ/NIC issues.

Option B:Bandwidth increase helps but doesn’t target the root VMQ problem.

Option D:Incorrect, as updating the driver is a valid fix.

“Updating NIC drivers resolves VMQ bottlenecks, enhancing data transmission speed between virtual machines by optimizing hardware handling” (Module: Virtualization and Recovery, Section: VM Performance).

In disaster recovery (DR) tier classifications, often based on frameworks like theShare GrouporIBM’s DR tier model, the tiers represent increasing levels of recovery capability. Here’s a brief overview to explain:

Tier 1: Basic backup with offsite storage (e.g., tape backups), no real-time replication, and long recovery times.

Tier 2: Offsite backups with some improvements (e.g., electronic vaulting), but still no immediate recovery capability.

Tier 4: Point-in-time copies with more advanced backup solutions (e.g., disk-based replication), but typically lacks a fully operational hot site.

Tier 5: Transaction integrity with ahot site—a fully operational, mirrored site that can take over almost immediately with minimal data loss and downtime. Data is actively backed up and synchronized in real-time or near real-time.

Ahot siteis a fully equipped, operational duplicate of the primary site, ready to assume operations with little to no downtime. This capability aligns withTier 5, where data is backed up continuously or frequently, and the hot site ensures rapid recovery. Higher tiers (e.g., Tier 6 or 7) might involve zero data loss and instantaneous failover, but Tier 5 specifically fits the description of having a hot site with robust backup.

Backup Integrity Testing is the process of verifying that backed-up data remains safe, secure, andreadable after operations such as updates, restores, or retrievals. This involves checking for corruption, ensuring data consistency, and confirming that the backup can be successfully restored. In disaster recovery, this is a critical step to ensure that backups are reliable when needed.

Option A (Database Authentication):Refers to verifying user access, not data integrity.

Option B (Database Consolidation):Involves merging databases, not testing backup integrity.

Option C (Database Integrity Testing):Focuses on database consistency, not specifically backup verification.

“Backup Integrity Testing ensures that data backups remain uncorrupted and usable post-operation. This process includes validation checks after updates or restores to guarantee recoverability, a key component of data protection strategies” (Module: Data Backup and Recovery, Section: Backup Validation Techniques).

A Full-Scale Test implements the entire Business Continuity Plan (BCP) in a live environment, testing all components comprehensively.

Option A (Orientation):Introduces the plan, not implementation.

Option B (Functional):Tests specific functions, not the whole plan.

Option D (Simulation):Mimics scenarios, not full execution.

“Full-Scale Tests execute the entire BCP, validating all procedures and resources in a real-world scenario” (Module: Testing Disaster Recovery Plans, Section: Test Types).

Domain Controller Servers manage user accounts and security policies within a domain (e.g., Active Directory).

Option B (IIS):Web servers, not domain management.

Option C (File Servers):Store files, not security policies.

Option D (Global Catalog):Directory subset, not policy enforcement.

“Domain Controller Servers store account data and enforce domain security policies, central to network management” (Module: Server Management, Section: Server Roles).

ISO/TS 22317 is a technical specification providing detailed guidance on conducting a formal Business Impact Analysis (BIA) process, aligning with Jane’s goal of establishing and maintaining a documented BIA.

Option A (ISO/IEC 27005):Focuses on information security risk management, not BIA-specific.

Option B (AS/NZS 5050):Australian/New Zealand standard for business continuity, less BIA-focused.

Option D (ISO/IEC 27031):ICT continuity, not BIA-specific.

“ISO/TS 22317 offers a structured approach to BIA, guiding organizations in formally documenting and maintaining the process for continuity planning” (Module: Business Impact Analysis, Section: Standards for BIA).

A Software Defined Data Center (SDDC) is a fully virtualized infrastructure where storage, compute, and networking are abstracted and delivered as a service, aligning with the question’s description. It encompasses more than just storage, including processing capabilities.

Option A (Cloud-based Storage):Refers only to storage, not a full facility with processing.

Option B (Virtual Machines):Individual virtualized servers, not a complete facility.

Option D (Data Virtualization):Focuses on abstracting data access, not a full service facility.

EDRP v3 covers SDDC as an advanced virtualization concept for disaster recovery and service delivery (Module: Virtualization and Cloud Computing).

Assessment Scale: In risk management, an assessment scale is used to quantify the impact of a risk. This scale typically includes levels of severity (e.g., low, medium, high) and may assign numerical values to each level.

Recovery Time: Refers to the time it takes to restore systems or operations after a disruption.

Frequency: Refers to how often a risk is likely to occur.

Recovery Scale: While "recovery" is a related term, the scale used to determine the severity of the risk is the "assessment scale".

The Cisco IOS command copy running-configuration ftp backs up the router’s running configuration to an FTP server, as Martin needs. Options A and B are invalid syntax (and duplicated).

Option D (tftp):Uses TFTP, not FTP.

“The copy running-configuration ftp command in Cisco IOS transfers the router config to an FTP server for backup” (Module: Network Device Management, Section: Cisco Backup Commands).

Opportunity Cost is the value of the next best alternative forgone when choosing one option over others, directly matching the question’s definition.

Option A (BIA):Assesses disruption impacts, not alternatives.

Option C (Fixed Cost):A static expense, unrelated to choices.

Option D (Cost Benefit Analysis):Compares costs and benefits, not forgone gains.

“Opportunity Cost represents the potential benefit lost by choosing one recovery strategy over another, a key consideration in resource allocation” (Module: Risk Management, Section: Cost Analysis).

Restoration involves repairing a damaged site or establishing a new one to enable operations, focusing on infrastructure recovery.

Option B (Resumption):Refers to restarting operations, not site repair/setup.

Option C (Response):Immediate actions during a disaster, not post-disaster site work.

Option D (Business Continuity):A broader strategy, not specific to site restoration.

EDRP v3 defines restoration as rebuilding or replacing physical infrastructure post-disaster (Module: Disaster Recovery Planning).

A Storage Cluster ensures a consistent file system image across servers, enabling simultaneous read/write access to shared storage, as described.

Option A (High-Performance):Focuses on computation, not file consistency.

Option B (High-Availability):Ensures uptime, not shared file systems.

Option C (Failover):Switches to backups, not simultaneous access.

“Storage Clusters maintain a unified file system across nodes, supporting simultaneous access for data consistency and availability” (Module: Clustering Technologies, Section: Cluster Types).

Managed Disaster Recovery (MDR) involves third-party services handling backups and offsite replication, providing a comprehensive solution for data protection and recovery. This fits the description of outsourcing backup and replication to an external provider.

Option A (Continuous Data Protection):Real-time backup technology, not inherently third-party or offsite-focused.

Option C (Tape Vaulting):Offsite tape storage, but not replication-focused and typically manual, not managed.

Option D (Disk Shadowing):A form of mirroring, not third-party or offsite by definition.

“Managed Disaster Recovery leverages third-party expertise for offsite replication and backups, ensuring robust data protection with minimal internal overhead” (Module: Disaster Recovery Strategies, Section: Managed Services).

“Resume” refers to restarting or recommencing business operations post-disaster as systems become available, aligning with business continuity goals.

Option A (Return):Too vague, not a specific DR term.

Option C (Reduce):Unrelated to restarting operations.

Option D (Recover):Focuses on data/system restoration, not operational resumption.

EDRP v3 uses “resume” to describe the phase of restoring business functions after recovery (Module: Business Continuity Management).

Risk response strategies include Acceptance (tolerating risk), Mitigation (reducing risk), and Sharing (transferring risk, e.g., insurance). Safety is a goal or outcome, not a risk response strategy.

Option A/B/D:Standard risk responses.

Option C (Safety):Not a recognized strategy.

“Risk response strategies—acceptance, mitigation, and sharing—address identified risks; safety is an objective, not a strategy” (Module: Risk Management, Section: Risk Response Strategies).

A Survivable Storage System is designed to maintain data integrity and access despite failures or attacks, as described (e.g., PASIS architecture).

Option B (Decentralized Computing):Broad computing model, not storage-specific.

Option C (Mirroring):Redundancy technique, not a full system.

Option D (Mainframe):Robust systems, but not survivability-focused.

“Survivable Storage Systems ensure data availability and integrity against failures and attacks across storage and network components” (Module: Survivable Storage Systems, Section: Overview).