Fortinet FCP_FGT_AD-7.4 Dumps

A- The debug flow is for ICMP traffic.

B. A firewall policy allowed the connection.

C. A new traffic session was created.

D. The default route is required to receive a reply.

The debug flow is for ICMP traffic.

The output shows "proto=1," which indicates that the protocol is ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol).

A new traffic session was created.

The message "allocate a new session-00003dd5" confirms that a new session was created for this traffic.

When SD-WAN is enabled on FortiGate, the load balancing algorithm for Equal-Cost Multi-Path (ECMP) is configured using the load-balance-mode parameter under SD-WAN settings. However, if SD-WAN is disabled, the ECMP load balancing algorithm can be configured under config system settings. This flexibility allows FortiGate to control traffic routing behavior based on the network configuration and requirements.

References:

FortiOS 7.4.1 Administration Guide: ECMP Configuration

Strict RPF (Reverse Path Forwarding) check ensures that the packet is received on the same interface that the FortiGate device would use to send traffic back to the source. It verifies that the best route to the source of the packet is through the same interface it arrived on, enhancing security by preventing IP spoofing. If the check fails, the packet is dropped.

Flow-based inspection optimizes performance compared to proxy-based inspection.

Flow-based inspection scans traffic in real-time as it passes through, resulting in better performance compared to proxy-based inspection, which buffers traffic.

FortiGate buffers the whole file but transmits to the client at the same time.

In flow-based inspection, the file is scanned while it is being transmitted, improving speed and reducing latency.

The IPS engine handles the process as a standalone.

In flow-based antivirus inspection, the IPS engine is used to inspect traffic, making it more efficient and integrated within the broader security mechanisms.

Firewall authentication generally requires the DNS service to be enabled in the firewall policy to correctly resolve hostnames during the authentication process. If DNS is not allowed in the firewall policy, the FortiGate cannot resolve external domains, and as a result, the user may not be presented with the login prompt when attempting to access an external website.

References:

FortiOS 7.4.1 Administration Guide: Firewall Authentication Configuration

When FortiGate is configured in NGFW profile-based mode, it primarily uses flow-based inspection for application profiles. Flow-based inspection provides faster processing and lower latency by inspecting traffic in real-time without buffering, making it suitable for scenarios where performance is a priority.

References:

FortiOS 7.4.1 Administration Guide: Inspection Modes

By selecting the "Include in every user group" option in the RADIUS configuration, FortiGate automatically includes this RADIUS server as an authentication source for all user groups. This means any user group configured on the FortiGate will authenticate using this RADIUS server, allowing users to authenticate against the server for any group they belong to.

In the security profile, there are application overrides for specific Facebook-related features, such as "Facebook" and "Facebook_Video.Play." However, the absence of specific signatures for actions like "Facebook_Like.Button" might be preventing reactions. You need to ensure that the necessary application signatures for all desired Facebook features, including reactions (like buttons), are included in the security policy. Therefore, retrieving or adding those signatures would resolve the issue.

FortiGate's SD-WAN rule strategies for member selection include the following:

Manual with load balancing: This strategy allows an administrator to manually configure which SD-WAN member interfaces to use for specific traffic.

Lowest Cost (SLA) with load balancing: This strategy prioritizes the link with the lowest cost that meets the SLA requirements.

Best Quality with load balancing: This strategy selects the link with the best performance metrics, such as latency, jitter, or packet loss.

Options D and E are incorrect because "Lowest Quality" is not a valid strategy, and "Lowest Cost without load balancing" contradicts the requirement for load balancing in the strategy name.

References:

FortiOS 7.4.1 Administration Guide: SD-WAN Rule Strategies

FGCP elects the primary FortiGate device

FGCP is responsible for electing the primary (active) device in a FortiGate HA (High Availability) cluster, ensuring proper role assignment between the primary and secondary devices.

FGCP runs only over the heartbeat links

FGCP runs over the dedicated heartbeat links between FortiGate devices in the HA cluster, ensuring synchronization and communication between the devices for failover and redundancy purposes.

In a multi-VDOM environment, each VDOM can be treated as an independent virtual firewall, and each VDOM can belong to a separate Security Fabric. This allows administrators to configure and manage separate Security Fabrics for different VDOMs, providing flexibility in managing security policies and fabric connections across virtual domains.

The exhibit shows that the "FTP.Login.Failed" IPS signature is set with the action "Pass" and packet logging enabled. This means that any traffic matching this signature will be allowed through the FortiGate, and the traffic details will be logged for monitoring and analysis purposes.

References:

FortiOS 7.4.1 Administration Guide: IPS Signature Actions

Advanced mode allows for configuration as an LDAP client and supports group filtering directly on the FortiGate, as well as nested or inherited groups.

For traffic that does not match any of the defined SD-WAN rules, the default implicit SD-WAN rule is applied. By default, the FortiGate uses a "source-destination IP-based" algorithm, which means all traffic from a specific source IP to a specific destination IP is sent through the same interface. This ensures that a consistent path is used for traffic between the same source and destination IP addresses. Options B, C, and D do not apply because the default algorithm does not prioritize by latency, session count, or source IP alone.

References:

FortiOS 7.4.1 Administration Guide: SD-WAN Load Balancing Algorithms​

Based on the application sensor configuration and the filter details:

D. Apple FaceTime will be blocked, based on the Excessive-Bandwidth filter configuration: The "Excessive-Bandwidth" filter is set to block, which includes "FaceTime" under its application signature. As a result, FaceTime will be blocked regardless of the "Apple" filter configuration because the "Excessive-Bandwidth" filter takes precedence due to its block action setting.

The other options are not correct:

A. Apple FaceTime will be allowed, based on the Video/Audio category configuration: The Video/Audio category is not relevant because FaceTime is specifically included in the Excessive-Bandwidth filter, which blocks it.

B. Apple FaceTime will be allowed, based on the Apple filter configuration: Although the Apple filter is set to monitor, the block action of the Excessive-Bandwidth filter will override this.

C. Apple FaceTime will be allowed only if the Apple filter in Application and Filter Overrides is set to Allow: The allow setting for the Apple filter is irrelevant in this context, as the block action in the Excessive-Bandwidth filter will prevail.

References

FortiOS 7.4.1 Administration Guide - Application Control and Filtering, page 978.

FortiOS 7.4.1 Administration Guide - Application Sensor Configuration, page 982.

The routing table in the exhibit shows two default routes (0.0.0.0/0) with different administrative distances:

The default route through port2 has an administrative distance of 20.

The default route through port1 has an administrative distance of 10.

Administrative distance determines the priority of the route; a lower value is preferred. Here, the route through port1 with an administrative distance of 10 is the preferred route. The route through port2 with an administrative distance of 20 acts as a standby or backup route. If the primary route (port1) fails or is unavailable, traffic will then be routed through port2.

Regarding the statement that the port2 interface is marked as inactive, there is no indication in the routing table that port2 is inactive. Similarly, all the routes displayed are not necessarily installed in the FortiGate routing table, as the table could include both active and backup routes.

References:

FortiOS 7.4.1 Administration Guide: Default route configuration

FortiOS 7.4.1 Administration Guide: Routing table explanation

The IPS sensor configuration shows that:

The Microsoft.Windows.iSCSI.Target.DoS signature is set to "Monitor" with packet logging enabled, meaning that while traffic matching this signature will be allowed, it will also be logged for further analysis.

The generic Windows filter is set to "Block," meaning that all other attacks matching this filter will be blocked. However, the sensor will not reset connections or log packets unless specified.

Therefore, the sensor will allow attackers matching the specific DoS signature while blocking other attacks against Windows.

References:

FortiOS 7.4.1 Administration Guide: IPS Configuration

Option 5 in the IPS diagnostic command toggles the bypass status. If this option is used and results in a decrease in CPU usage, it means the IPS engine is no longer processing traffic, effectively blocking or bypassing the traffic. In this case, IPS is not inspecting the traffic anymore, leading to a decrease in CPU usage, which indicates that the traffic might be blocked instead of inspected.

By default, SD-WAN members are skipped if they do not have a valid route to the destination

SD-WAN ensures that only members with valid routes to the destination are considered during routing decisions.

By default, SD-WAN rules are skipped if the best route to the destination is not an SD-WAN member

If the best route is not an SD-WAN member, SD-WAN rules are bypassed and standard routing takes over.

SD-WAN rules have precedence over any other type of routes

SD-WAN rules are evaluated first, meaning they take precedence over other routing mechanisms, such as static routes or policy-based routes.

For SSL VPN to function correctly between two FortiGate devices, the following settings are required:

B. The server FortiGate requires a CA certificate to verify the client FortiGate certificate: The server FortiGate must have a Certificate Authority (CA) certificate installed to authenticate and verify the certificate presented by the client FortiGate device.

C. The client FortiGate requires a client certificate signed by the CA on the server FortiGate: The client FortiGate must have a client certificate that is signed by the same CA that the server FortiGate uses for verification. This ensures a secure SSL VPN connection between the two devices.

The other options are not directly necessary for establishing SSL VPN:

A. The client FortiGate requires the SSL VPN tunnel interface type to connect SSL VPN: This is incorrect as SSL VPN does not require a specific tunnel interface type; it typically uses an SSL VPN client profile.

D. The client FortiGate requires a manually added route to remote subnets: While routing may be necessary, it is not specifically required for the SSL VPN functionality between two FortiGates.

References

FortiOS 7.4.1 Administration Guide - Configuring SSL VPN, page 1203.

FortiOS 7.4.1 Administration Guide - SSL VPN Authentication, page 1210.

For configuring an IPsec VPN tunnel for a sales employee traveling abroad, the "Remote Access" template is the most appropriate choice. This template is designed to allow remote users to securely connect to the internal network of an organization from any location using FortiClient or a compatible client. The other options, such as "Site to Site," "Dial up User," and "iHub-and-Spoke," are used for connecting different networks or sites, not individual remote users.

References:

FortiOS 7.4.1 Administration Guide: IPsec Wizard Template Types

In FortiGate HA (High Availability) configuration, checksums of device configurations are compared to ensure they are synchronized and identical across the cluster. Incremental synchronization can only happen from changes made on the primary device to ensure consistency and integrity across the cluster members. Changes made on non-primary devices do not initiate synchronization.

References:

FortiOS 7.4.1 Administration Guide: HA Configuration Synchronization

The "d-wan" zone in FortiGate SD-WAN configuration is the default SD-WAN zone created when SD-WAN is enabled. This zone contains all the interfaces assigned to SD-WAN and is essential for the functionality of the SD-WAN feature. The "d-wan" zone cannot be deleted because it is required for SD-WAN operations. Option A is incorrect because the underlay zone does not contain port1. Options B and D are incorrect because they incorrectly describe the configuration of zones.

References:

FortiOS 7.4.1 Administration Guide: SD-WAN Zone Configuration

An SD-WAN zone can contain physical and logical interfaces

SD-WAN zones can include both physical and logical interfaces, allowing flexible configuration for different network types.

You can use an SD-WAN zone in static route definitions

SD-WAN zones can be referenced in static routes, enabling dynamic path selection based on SD-WAN rules.

An SD-WAN zone is a logical grouping of members

An SD-WAN zone is a logical grouping of interfaces (members), used to simplify the management and application of SD-WAN rules.

The Fortinet Single Sign-On (FSSO) Collector Agent supports three primary methods for Active Directory (AD) polling to collect user information:

WinSecLog: Monitors Windows Security Event Logs for login events.

WMI: Uses Windows Management Instrumentation to poll user login sessions.

NetAPI: Utilizes the Netlogon API to query domain controllers for user session data.

These methods allow the FortiGate to gather user logon information and enforce user-based policies effectively.

References:

FortiOS 7.4.1 Administration Guide: FSSO Configuration