Huawei H12-811_V1.0 Dumps

Comprehensive Explanation: When Router A forwards the packet to Router B, the destination IP address (11.0.12.1) remains unchanged as it is still meant for Host B. However, the destination MAC address changes to MAC-B, which belongs to Host B, since MAC addresses are only used for local network hops​

Comprehensive Explanation: In Telnet sessions, different privilege levels determine what actions a user is allowed to perform. If users are not able to configure the IP address, it is likely that their privilege level is set incorrectly. The administrator must ensure that the Telnet users are assigned the correct privilege level (typically level 15 for full administrative rights) to allow configuration changes, including IP address modifications.

Detailed Explanation:The command forward-mode direct-forward is used to configure the AC to enable direct forwarding, meaning that the AP will forward user data packets directly to the network without tunneling them through the AC, improving efficiency by reducing the load on the AC​.

SNMP Agent Functionality:Each network device running SNMP includes an agent process that collects and manages information about the device's operations. This process interfaces with the SNMP manager to provide network monitoring and management capabilities​​.

Comprehensive Explanation: In STP (Spanning Tree Protocol), the root bridge is elected based on the lowest Bridge ID. The Bridge ID consists of two parts: the bridge priority and the MAC address of the switch. The switch with the lowest Bridge ID is elected as the root bridge. If two switches have the same priority, the switch with the lowest MAC address becomes the root. Other parameters such as Port ID and Root path cost are used in subsequent decisions to determine the best paths to the root bridge, but they are not used in the root bridge election itself.

1. Understanding the ACL Rule

The rule:

rule 5 deny source 100.0.12.0 0.0.0.255

Blocks traffic originating from 100.0.12.0/24 (Host B’s network).

This means any packet sent from Host B to Host A will be blocked.

2. Applying the ACL to the Correct Interfaces

Option A: Applied inbound on GE0/0/1 → Blocks packets from Host B before reaching Host A. ✅

Option B: Applied inbound on GE0/0/2 → Blocks packets from Host A before reaching Host B. ✅

3. Why Other Options Are Incorrect

Option C (GigabitEthernet0/0/3):

Interface GE0/0/3 is not connected to Host A or Host B, so applying ACL here is meaningless.

Option D (Outbound on GE0/0/1):

Outbound filtering is less efficient than inbound filtering because it blocks traffic after routing.

4. Correct Approach to Prevent Communication

To completely block communication between Host A and Host B, we must:✅ Block inbound traffic on GE0/0/1 (Host A’s interface)✅ Block inbound traffic on GE0/0/2 (Host B’s interface)

Conclusion:

The correct choices are A and B because they block inbound traffic at the correct interfaces.

Options C and D are incorrect because they apply ACL rules to the wrong interfaces or use inefficient filtering.

References:✅ HCIA-Datacom V1.0 Certification Guide, Chapter 5: ACL Configuration

In OSPF, routers first synchronize their LSDBs (Link-State Databases) through an exchange of LSAs (Link State Advertisements) before reaching the Full state. Only after full synchronization of the LSDB does the OSPF neighbor state move to Full. This ensures both routers have consistent routing information before establishing full adjacency​.

The Forward Delay timer in STP helps prevent temporary loops by setting a delay for ports transitioning through Listening and Learning states before reaching the Forwarding state. This wait period ensures that all switches have updated topology information, reducing the risk of broadcast storms or loops​.

Detailed Explanation:All listed options are valid OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) packet types:

HELLO packets establish and maintain neighbor relationships.

LSR (Link State Request) packets are used to request missing link-state information.

LSU (Link State Update) packets contain link-state advertisements for OSPF routers.

LSA (Link State Advertisement) packets carry route information.(Reference: HCIA-Datacom Training Material, OSPF Packet Types)

Detailed Explanation:The Time to Live (TTL) field in an IP packet is decremented by 1 each time the packet passes through a router. When the TTL reaches zero, the packet is discarded to prevent it from circulating indefinitely. (Reference: HCIA-Datacom Training Material, IP Packet Structure)

Detailed Explanation:The address 145.4.2.55/26 is a valid unicast address and falls within the range of usable IP addresses for a /26 subnet. The address 237.6.1.2/24 is from a reserved range, 127.3.1.4/28 is part of the loopback range (127.0.0.0/8), and 192.168.10.112/30 only provides two usable addresses, which would not allow the router to be properly configured .

Detailed Explanation:Based on the provided configuration, the interfaces on LSW1 and LSW2 are both configured as trunk ports that allow VLAN 10 to pass. This ensures that data frames tagged with VLAN 10 can be transmitted and received across the trunk link between LSW1 and LSW2 without issues​​.

Detailed Explanation:In a tree topology, nodes are arranged hierarchically with root nodes at the top and leaf nodes at the base. This structure is often used in larger networks because it supports scalability and easy addition of nodes. However, if a higher-level node (e.g., root or intermediate node) fails, all dependent nodes in its subtree lose connectivity. Therefore, faults at higher layers have a more significant impact than faults at the leaves. (Reference: HCIA-Datacom Training Material, Network Topology Types)

In the IP header at the network layer, the Protocol field specifies the transport layer protocol in use. The protocol number for UDP is 17, not 6. Protocol number 6 is reserved for TCP. This field allows IP packets to be correctly processed by the appropriate transport-layer protocol at the receiving device​.

Detailed Explanation:In Huawei VRP, the command-privilege command is used to modify the privilege level of a specific command. In this case, the command adjusts the privilege level of the save command within the user view to level 3, which is higher than the default level. This command does not modify the user's privilege level itself but changes the required privilege level to use the save command in the user view .

Detailed Explanation:In NAPT, port numbers are dynamically assigned as traffic flows through the router. The port number range is automatically selected, and manual configuration of each mapping is not required. NAPT dynamically uses different ports for mapping private IP addresses to a single public IP address​​.

The Bridge ID, a combination of bridge priority and MAC address, is used to determine the root bridge in STP. The switch with the lowest Bridge ID becomes the root bridge. If bridge priorities are identical, the switch with the lowest MAC address is selected as the root bridge​.

In Huawei's Versatile Routing Platform (VRP), pressing Ctrl+Z is a shortcut that takes the user from any configuration view directly back to the user view. This command is useful for quickly navigating out of multiple levels of configuration back to the main user prompt. This feature is part of the VRP interface management commands for efficient system navigation​.

Detailed Explanation:Static routing does not automatically recover from link failures; manual reconfiguration is required if a static route path becomes invalid. Dynamic routing protocols, on the other hand, adapt automatically to network changes, adjusting routes as needed. (Reference: HCIA-Datacom Training Material, Static vs. Dynamic Routing)

Detailed Explanation:The protocol number for TCP in the IPv4 header is 6. Since Telnet uses TCP as its transport layer protocol, the protocol field in the IPv4 header will contain the value 6​​.

The PVID (Port VLAN ID) for a hybrid port refers to the VLAN that is assigned to untagged traffic. In this case, VLAN 4 is specified as untagged, making it the PVID for this interface. Traffic received without a VLAN tag is associated with VLAN 4 upon entering the switch​.

Detailed Explanation:The priority (preference) of static routes can indeed be manually specified in Huawei devices. By default, static routes have a preference of 60, but this can be changed to create backup routes or prioritize certain routes over others.

MAC Address Analysis:

MAC addresses starting with 01-00-5E are reserved for IPv4 multicast by the IANA.

Why Other Options Are Incorrect:

A: The address is valid and reserved for multicast.

C: Broadcast addresses use FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF.

D: Unicast addresses are typically hardware-assigned and do not use this prefix.

References: HCIA-Datacom V1.0 Certification Guide, Chapter 7: Ethernet Basics.

NFV Overview:NFV replaces traditional hardware appliances with software-based solutions that can be deployed on virtualized infrastructure. This allows for flexible, cost-effective, and scalable network application deployment​​.

Comprehensive Explanation: In STP (Spanning Tree Protocol), ports can be in several states, including:

Discarding: The port is not forwarding traffic, either because it is in a blocking state or not participating in active forwarding.

Listening: The port is processing BPDUs and is preparing to transition to either the learning or forwarding state. No data frames are forwarded during this state.

Forwarding: The port is actively forwarding traffic as part of the active network topology.

The "Disabled" state is not part of the STP protocol but rather represents a port that is administratively shut down or not participating in the STP process.

The default route preference on Huawei VRP places Direct routes at the highest priority, followed by Static routes, then RIP, and finally OSPF. Direct routes are most trusted as they represent directly connected networks, while OSPF, being a dynamic protocol with more administrative distance, is prioritized lower by default​.

Detailed Explanation:While a switch will typically forward a unicast frame based on its MAC address table, certain scenarios like port security or VLAN restrictions may prevent the frame from being forwarded even if a MAC entry exists. (Reference: HCIA-Datacom Training Material, MAC Address Table and Frame Forwarding)

Understanding Switch Stacking:

Switch stacking allows multiple physical switches to operate as a single logical switch.

Huawei iStack technology supports stacking multiple switches.

Benefits of Stacking:

Simplified Management: Single configuration and management point.

Increased Redundancy: Failover and link aggregation improve reliability.

Scalability: More switches can be added as needed.

Conclusion:

More than two switches can be stacked, making the statement TRUE.

References: HCIA-Datacom V1.0 Certification Guide, Chapter 9: Huawei iStack.

Analysis of Possible Causes:

Option A: "The administrator account has been disabled" is a possible cause as a disabled account cannot access the system even if Telnet is enabled.

Option B: Incorrect because the Telnet service being disabled would affect all users, not just one administrator.

Option C: "The administrator account has been deleted" is a valid reason as a deleted account cannot log in.

Option D: "The user level of the administrator account has been changed to 0" is correct. User level 0 typically has insufficient privileges for Telnet access​​.

Detailed Explanation:Stateless Address Autoconfiguration (SLAAC) allows IPv6 hosts to generate their own IP addresses but does not include DNS server information. DHCPv6 is typically required for DNS configuration. (Reference: HCIA-Datacom Training Material, IPv6 SLAAC and DNS)

The default Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP) system priority on Huawei switches is 32768. This priority helps determine which device takes the active role in link aggregation when multiple switches are involved. A lower value indicates a higher priority for managing the aggregated link​.

In STP, the root bridge is elected based on the lowest bridge priority. If there is a tie in bridge priority, the device with the lowest MAC address is selected as the root bridge. This process ensures a stable, predictable root bridge selection in the network​.

Comprehensive Explanation: It is possible for the load balancing modes at both ends of an Eth-Trunk (Ethernet Trunk) to be different, as long as the devices at both ends support the different modes. Load balancing modes control how traffic is distributed across multiple links in the trunk. Although the modes may differ, they must be compatible in terms of ensuring that traffic is appropriately handled across the multiple physical interfaces bundled in the trunk.

Detailed Explanation:In RSTP, there are three port states: Discarding, Learning, and Forwarding. These states replace the five traditional STP states by combining them to optimize network convergence​​.

Comprehensive Explanation: SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) consists of several key components:

Management Information Base (MIB): A database containing the network management data.

Managed object: The individual objects (such as interfaces or devices) that SNMP manages.

Agent process: The software running on the managed device that reports data to the NMS.

NMS (Network Management System): The centralized system that collects data from managed devices using SNMP.

All these components work together to monitor, configure, and manage network devices.

Detailed Explanation:LSAs (Link-State Advertisements) are the fundamental OSPF messages used to convey network topology information. LSU (Link-State Update), LSR (Link-State Request), and LSACK (Link-State Acknowledgment) are all types of messages related to OSPF's operations, but "LSA" alone is not a valid OSPF message type​.

TPID Definition:

TPID (Tag Protocol Identifier) is a field in the Ethernet frame header that indicates the presence of an 802.1Q VLAN tag.

IEEE 802.1Q defines the TPID value as 0x8100.

Why Other Options Are Incorrect:

0x9100: Used in some proprietary protocols but not IEEE standard.

0x8200 and 0x7200: Not valid TPID values.

References: HCIA-Datacom V1.0 Certification Guide, Chapter 4: VLAN Basics.

In OSPF, a router in the backbone area (Area 0) has a full LSDB (Link-State Database) for all routers within the OSPF domain. This comprehensive LSDB allows the backbone area to communicate effectively with other areas by providing routing information about all connected OSPF routers, facilitating inter-area routing​.

The basic IPv6 header has a fixed length of 40 bytes. Unlike IPv4, the IPv6 header is streamlined, omitting some fields (like header checksum) and standardizing the header size. This simplification reduces processing overhead, enhancing routing efficiency and scalability for modern networks​.

Comprehensive Explanation: The "-i" parameter in the Ping command on Huawei VRP (Versatile Routing Platform) is used to specify the source IP address for sending an Echo Request (ping) packet. This is useful in cases where the router has multiple interfaces and you want to control which interface is used to initiate the ping. By defining the source IP address, the ping request can be sent from a specific interface on the router, enabling network administrators to test connectivity from that interface.

Detailed Explanation:Huawei AR G3 series routers support various AAA authentication modes including RADIUS, local authentication, no authentication (None), and 802.1X. These modes offer flexibility in how users are authenticated for network access depending on the security requirements​​.

In VRP, to enter the configuration view for a specific OSPF area, the syntax [Huawei-ospf-1] area 0.0.0.0 is used. This command specifies Area 0 in the correct format (dotted decimal notation) as required by VRP, which supports OSPF multi-area configuration by designating specific area views​.

Private vs Public IPs:

192.168.1.2 belongs to the private IP range (192.168.0.0/16).

Private IP addresses cannot be routed on the Internet and must be translated.

Network Address Translation (NAT):

NAT converts private IP addresses to a public IP so that the device can access the Internet.

Conclusion:

NAT is required to access the Internet from a private IP, making the statement TRUE.

References: HCIA-Datacom V1.0 Certification Guide, Chapter 6: NAT and IP Addressing.

Understanding Loops in Layer 2 Networks:

Layer 2 switches flood broadcast and unknown unicast packets.

If there is a loop, these packets can circulate indefinitely, leading to a broadcast storm.

Consequences of Broadcast Storms:

High CPU usage on network devices.

Degraded network performance or complete failure.

Solution:

Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) is implemented to prevent loops by selectively blocking redundant links.

Conclusion:

Since loops lead to broadcast storms, the statement is TRUE.

References: HCIA-Datacom V1.0 Certification Guide, Chapter 8: Spanning Tree Protocol.

In the provided routing table, the router’s next hop for each destination indicates whether the destination is reachable directly or indirectly. For entries where the next hop is specified, the router forwards packets accordingly through the designated interface, as confirmed in the table output. This information is used to verify the forwarding behavior for each destination​.

Encapsulation is the process of adding headers and trailers to data at each layer of the OSI model as the data moves from the application layer to the physical layer. Decapsulation is the reverse process when data is received. These processes are critical in implementing network communication, ensuring the proper function of protocols, and assisting in locating faults during data transmission. They do not, however, shorten packet length​

Switch Forwarding Behavior:

If the destination MAC is not found in the MAC address table, the switch floods the frame.

Broadcasting Within VLANs:

VLAN tagging ensures the frame remains within its designated VLAN.

The frame is not sent to all interfaces but only within the VLAN.

Why Other Options Are Incorrect:

A: Does not consider VLAN segmentation.

C: Switches do not discard unknown unicast frames unless configured to do so.

D: Includes access interfaces only, but flooding happens on all VLAN interfaces.

Conclusion:

The switch floods the frame within the VLAN, making the correct answer B.

References: HCIA-Datacom V1.0 Certification Guide, Chapter 4: Switch Forwarding Mechanisms.

Detailed Explanation:

In RSTP (Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol), if an edge port receives a BPDU (Bridge Protocol Data Unit), it loses its edge status and becomes a regular STP port. This ensures that the edge port behaves as expected when connecting to another switch.

In RSTP, both alternate and backup ports do not forward user traffic, but they can still receive and process BPDUs (Bridge Protocol Data Units). This allows the network to quickly reconfigure if the active path fails, as these ports are already participating in spanning tree calculations​.

In RSTP (Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol), the Backup port serves as a backup for the Designated port on the same bridge segment, not the root port. If the root port fails, the alternate port, not the backup port, takes over to maintain connectivity to the root bridge. The backup port does not have the capability to replace the root port​.

Comprehensive Explanation: Hybrid interfaces are capable of carrying both tagged and untagged VLAN frames. They can remove VLAN tags from certain VLANs when sending data frames, depending on the configuration. The command port hybrid untagged vlan x allows a hybrid interface to transmit data frames for VLAN x without a tag, while still tagging other VLANs as required. Hybrid interfaces are flexible and can be used for trunking, but unlike pure trunk ports, they do not always require VLAN tags.

Comprehensive Explanation: To remove the Eth-Trunk interface, you can simply use the undo interface Eth-Trunk 1 command. This command deletes the entire Eth-Trunk interface from the switch configuration. The other commands involve additional steps to unbind physical interfaces from the Eth-Trunk, but these steps are unnecessary if you are deleting the Eth-Trunk interface entirely.

Detailed Explanation:In Huawei's VRP (Versatile Routing Platform) command-line interface, when files are deleted using the delete or delete /unreserved command, they are moved to the recycle bin rather than being permanently deleted. To permanently delete these files, they need to be removed from the recycle bin using the reset recycle-bin command​​.

The root path cost is calculated by summing the costs of each port on the path from the root bridge to the receiving port. In this case, assuming each link has a cost of 200, the total cost to reach the root from the indicated port would be 600, reflecting three hops from the root bridge​.

SNMP Port Numbers:

161: Used for SNMP managers to send requests to agents.

162: Used by SNMP agents to send trap or alarm messages to the Network Management System (NMS).

163 and 164: Not commonly used in SNMP operations.

Comprehensive Explanation: SWA has the lowest Bridge ID and is the root bridge. In this topology, G0/0/2 of SWA and G0/0/1 of SWC are forwarding ports. Since G0/0/3 of SWB provides an alternate path to the root bridge, it will be placed in a blocking state to prevent network loops. The Spanning Tree Protocol ensures that only the most efficient path to the root bridge is active, and alternate paths are blocked until needed.

OSPF Network Types Overview:OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) supports different network types based on the underlying physical or logical topology:

A. Broadcast: OSPF assumes a fully meshed network, like Ethernet. DR/BDR elections occur.

B. Point-to-Point: A simple two-node network where no DR/BDR elections occur.

C. NBMA: OSPF operates over WAN technologies like Frame Relay. DR/BDR elections occur.

D. Point-to-Multipoint: OSPF operates on logically defined topologies where broadcast or multicast is not supported.

OSPF Flexibility:OSPF accommodates all these network types to ensure compatibility with a variety of link-layer technologies.

References: HCIA-Datacom V1.0 Certification Guide, Chapter 6: OSPF Fundamentals.

Comprehensive Explanation: The IEEE 802.11g standard operates exclusively in the 2.4 GHz frequency band, offering data rates up to 54 Mbps. Other standards, such as 802.11a, operate in the 5 GHz band, while 802.11n and 802.11ax support both 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz frequency bands, making 802.11g the only standard in this list that is limited to 2.4 GHz.

Detailed Explanation:Wi-Fi 6 refers to the IEEE 802.11ax standard, which improves the efficiency, capacity, and performance of wireless networks, especially in dense environments​.

Error Analysis:The error message indicates that the command entered is not recognized by the device. This typically occurs when the syntax is incorrect or the first keyword of the command is unrecognized. The system identifies the problem location ('A' position), which points to the initial part of the command.

Analysis of Options:

Option A: "The entered parameter is not specified" refers to cases where a valid command is incomplete due to missing parameters, not an unrecognized command. This is unrelated to the error displayed.

Option B: "The entered command is incomplete" applies when additional parameters are needed to complete the command. However, the system explicitly states "unrecognized command," ruling this out.

Option C: "The parameter type is incorrect" refers to an error where a parameter is of the wrong type (e.g., string instead of integer). This is not related to keyword recognition.

Option D: "No keyword is found" directly aligns with the error message, as the system cannot recognize the first keyword of the command, making it the correct answer​​.

Comprehensive Explanation: The Transport layer (Layer 4) in the OSI model is responsible for end-to-end error checking, flow control, and reliable data transmission. It ensures that data is properly sequenced, without errors, and flow-controlled between the sender and receiver. Protocols such as TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) operate at this layer, providing mechanisms for retransmitting lost packets and maintaining the reliability of a session​​​

SNMP Message Types:

get-request: Sent by the NMS to retrieve data from a device.

set-request: Used by the NMS to modify device settings.

get-response: Sent by the device in response to a get-request.

trap: Sent automatically by a device to notify the NMS of an event.

Why "trap" Is Correct:

If a registered event occurs (e.g., interface down, high CPU usage), the device proactively sends a trap to alert the NMS.

Conclusion:

Since traps notify abnormal events, the correct answer is A (trap).

References: HCIA-Datacom V1.0 Certification Guide, Chapter 7: SNMP and Network Monitoring.

Impact of Loops in Layer 2 Networks:Loops in a Layer 2 network cause packets to be repeatedly forwarded, leading to broadcast storms, high CPU utilization, and network disruption​​.

Correct Answer:TRUE. Loops can cause broadcast storms on Layer 2 networks.

An AP (Access Point) radio can support multiple SSIDs, allowing segmentation of different types of traffic on the same wireless network. Each SSID can have unique security and access policies, enabling flexible wireless network configurations for different user groups​.

Router A would have three TCP connections in this scenario:

One for the Telnet session from host A to router A.

One for the FTP control connection to router B.

One for the FTP data connection to transfer the configuration file. These TCP connections facilitate the remote login and file transfer across the network​.

Comprehensive Explanation: In STP, the switch with the lowest Bridge ID is selected as the root bridge. The Bridge ID consists of the bridge priority and the MAC address. In this case, the switch with the bridge priority of 4096 has the lowest Bridge ID, making it the root bridge. If two switches have the same bridge priority, the MAC address is used to break the tie, with the lower MAC address winning.

Detailed Explanation:Each Virtual Access Point (VAP) on an AP is identified by a unique Basic Service Set Identifier (BSSID), which is the MAC address used at the data link layer. The SSID is a human-readable network name, while the BSSID is the technical identifier​.