iSQI CPSA-FL Dumps

Documenting the right views in software architecture is crucial for addressing different stakeholder concerns and ensuring the architecture is comprehensible and manageable.

• A: Deployment view illustrates the physical deployment of software on hardware and is essential for understanding how different parts of the system are distributed across platforms and environments.
• C: Runtime view shows how various components of the system interact at runtime, which is vital for understanding system behavior and performance under different operational conditions.
• H: Building-block view (also known as the module view) describes the static organization of the software in modules or components, including their responsibilities and relationships. This view is foundational for developers and maintainers.

References:

A) Not AppropriateB) AppropriateC) Not Appropriate

For a project involving multiple architects and developers, achieving consistent and adequate documentation is crucial. Here’s how the methods listed would fare:

A) The chief architect creates the documentation: This method is not appropriate because it places the entire burden of documentation on a single individual, which can lead to bottlenecks and may not accurately reflect the contributions and insights of the entire team1.

B) Identical templates are used for the documentation: This is an appropriate method as it ensures consistency across the documentation produced by different team members. Using identical templates helps maintain a uniform structure and style, which is beneficial for readability and maintenance1.

C) All parts of the architecture documentation are automatically extracted from the source code: Relying solely on automatic extraction is not appropriate because it may not capture all the necessary details and decisions made during the architectural design process. Manual documentation is also important to provide context and rationale that cannot be automatically generated1.

These methods are in line with the iSAQB® SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE – FOUNDATION LEVEL, which emphasizes the importance of clear, consistent, and comprehensive documentation practices1.

A) FalseB) FalseC) FalseD) TrueE) TrueF) False

Postel’s law, also known as the robustness principle, is a guideline in software engineering that advises to "be conservative in what you do, be liberal in what you accept from others"1. This principle has implications for system design and interaction with external interfaces:

A) Response time of the system is reduced: This is false. Postel’s law does not directly relate to the response time of a system1.

B) Implementation effort increases: This is false. Being liberal in what is accepted can actually simplify implementation because the system is designed to handle a wider range of inputs without failure1.

C) Usability of the system is reduced: This is false. Postel’s law aims to increase robustness and interoperability, which can enhance usability by making the system more resilient and accommodating1.

D) Robustness of the system is increased: This is true. By being conservative in outputs and liberal in inputs, the system becomes more robust, handling a variety of inputs without error1.

E) The integrity of the data transferred via interfaces is increased: This is true. Accepting a wide range of inputs and adhering strictly to output specifications helps maintain data integrity across different systems1.

F) Availability of the system is reduced due to potentially bad quality of input data: This is false. Postel’s law suggests that the system should be designed to handle poor quality input data gracefully, thus maintaining availability1.

Applying Postel’s law helps create systems that are more tolerant of input variations and strict in their outputs, contributing to overall system robustness and reliability1.

The statements regarding the design principle ‘information hiding’ that are true and false are as follows:

• True:
• False:

The principle of ‘information hiding’ is a fundamental concept in software engineering that promotes encapsulation and abstraction. Here’s an explanation of each statement:

• True Statements:
• False Statements:

Information hiding is crucial for maintaining a clean and modular architecture, where components can be developed, maintained, and replaced independently.

References:

• Stack Overflow discussion on Abstraction vs Information Hiding vs Encapsulation1.
• Wikipedia article on Information Hiding2.
• Kansas State University textbook excerpt on Information Hiding3.
• Techopedia definition of Information Hiding4.

The layered architectural pattern, also known as n-tier architecture, is a common framework in software development that organizes a system into distinct layers with specific roles and responsibilities. The primary advantage of this pattern is its Separation of Concerns (SoC), which means each layer is independent and can be understood without the others2. This separation enhances flexibility because changes in one layer can be made with minimal impact on others, allowing for easier maintenance and scalability12.

While creating high-performance systems (B) and being able to use application servers © are also considerations in system architecture, they are not the main benefits attributed to the layered pattern. The layered architecture is more about managing complexity and promoting modularity rather than directly enhancing performance or dictating the use of specific technologies like application servers34.

References:

• Baeldung on Computer Science article on Layered Architecture1.
• O’Reilly’s Software Architect’s Handbook on Advantages of Layered Architectures2.
• Bitloops documentation on Layered Architecture3.
• Developn article on Software Architecture Patterns

The principles that apply to testing include:A. In general, exhaustive testing is not possible. - It is widely recognized in software testing that it is not feasible to test every possible input or state of a software application due to the vast number of variations and combinations, especially in complex systems.B. Where many errors exist, more errors are usually hidden. - This principle, often referred to as the pesticide paradox in software testing, suggests that discovering numerous bugs in a specific area of the software often indicates the presence of additional, less obvious bugs.

In the context of software architecture, certain elements serve as building blocks to structure and organize software systems effectively.

• A: An algorithm is a sequence of steps designed to perform a specific task and can be a critical part of system logic and functionality.
• B: A component is a modular part of a system that encapsulates its contents and whose deployment and versioning can be managed independently.
• D: A class in object-oriented programming encapsulates data for the object and operations that manipulate that data, serving as a blueprint within the architecture.
• H: A package helps organize classes and interfaces that are related functionally, promoting a cleaner and more manageable architecture structure.

For a building block, the characteristics visible only in the whitebox view are:

• Code structure of the building block (D)
• Algorithms used in the building block (E)
• Implementation details for the security requirements of the building blocks (G)

The blackbox view suffices for:

• Public interfaces of the building block (A)
• Test coverage based on unit tests for sub building blocks contained in the building block (B)
• Test coverage based on integration tests ©
• Security requirements of the building blocks (F)

In software architecture, the whitebox view reveals the internal workings of a building block, including its code structure, algorithms, and specific implementation details1. This view is essential when the internal structure and behavior of the component need to be understood or modified.

On the other hand, the blackbox view treats the building block as an opaque entity, focusing on its exposed interfaces and observable behaviors without revealing its internal structure2. This view is sufficient for understanding what the building block does from an external perspective, such as its public interfaces and how well it performs its functions as determined by testing.

Here’s a breakdown of the characteristics:

• Whitebox View:
• Blackbox View:

References:

• arc42 Documentation on Building Block View1.
• Stack Overflow discussion on the difference between black box and white box in component diagrams2.
• Flylib Section on Black-Box and White-Box Component Views3.

A) BeneficialB) BeneficialC) Not BeneficialD) Not BeneficialE) Beneficial

In the context of documenting the software architecture for a large development project with multiple teams, the following measures can be considered beneficial:

A) Dividing the whole architecture documentation into sub-documents for each of the three sub-projects can be beneficial as it allows each team to focus on their specific area while maintaining a modular approach to documentation1.

B) Predefining the structure of the entire architecture documentation ensures consistency and coherence across all sub-projects. It helps in maintaining a uniform standard and facilitates easier integration of the sub-documents into the overall project documentation1.

C) Leaving the decision regarding the documentation structure to the team that first begins the documentation of its sub-project is not beneficial. This approach can lead to inconsistencies and may result in a lack of uniformity across the project’s documentation1.

D) Rejecting word processing for the documentation because it is not connected with the source code is not beneficial. While it is important to link documentation with the source code, word processing tools can still be used effectively for creating comprehensive documentation. Tools like version control can be used to maintain a connection between the documentation and the source code1.

E) Having developers document their parts of the architecture documentation using source code can be beneficial. This approach ensures that the documentation is close to the implementation and can be more easily kept up-to-date1.

These measures align with the best practices for software architecture documentation as per the iSAQB® SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE – FOUNDATION LEVEL documents, which emphasize the importance of clear, consistent, and coherent documentation in software architecture1.

To demonstrate the suitability of building blocks for implementing a use-case scenario effectively, UML (Unified Modeling Language) diagrams are instrumental. Among the options:

• B: Sequence diagram is the most suitable choice because it shows how objects interact in a particular scenario of a use case, detailing the sequence of messages exchanged between objects to accomplish the functionality described in the use case. This makes it ideal for demonstrating the dynamic behavior of the system components in the scenario.

References:

A) TrueB) FalseC) TrueD) FalseE) True

The building-block view, as per the iSAQB® SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE – FOUNDATION LEVEL, typically includes the following information:

A) Which building blocks the software is composed of: This is true. The building-block view shows the composition of software building blocks1.

B) How the building blocks interact during run time: This is false. The interaction during runtime is typically shown in the runtime view, not the building-block view1.

C) How the building blocks are hierarchically decomposed: This is true. The building-block view includes hierarchical decomposition of the software building blocks1.

D) How the building blocks are distributed in a distributed system: This is false. The distribution of building blocks in a distributed system is part of the deployment view1.

E) The dependencies between the building blocks: This is true. The building-block view should show the dependencies between the different building blocks1.

These aspects are essential for understanding the structure and organization of the software architecture and are aligned with the iSAQB® SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE – FOUNDATION LEVEL documents1.

The aspects that are more of a domain-related nature and those that are more of a technical nature are as follows:

• More technical:
• More domain-related:

In software architecture, aspects can be categorized based on their relevance to the domain (the problem space) or the technology (the solution space). Here’s an explanation of each:

• More Technical:
• More Domain-Related:

These distinctions are important for architects to consider when making design decisions, ensuring that both technical and domain-related aspects are adequately addressed.

References:

• Rozanski, N., & Woods, E. (2011). Software Systems Architecture: Working With Stakeholders Using Viewpoints and Perspectives. Addison-Wesley Professional.
• Fowler, M. (2002). Patterns of Enterprise Application Architecture. Addison-Wesley.