Paloalto Networks PCNSA Dumps

-admin/url-filtering/url-filtering-concepts/url-filtering-profile-actions

System logs display entries for each system event on the firewall.

1. Critical - Hardware failures, including high availability (HA) failover and link failures.

2. High - Serious issues, including dropped connections with external devices, such as LDAP and RADIUS servers.

3. Medium - Mid-level notifications, such as antivirus package upgrades.

4. Low - Minor severity notifications, such as user password changes.

5. Informational - Log in/log off, administrator name or password change, any configuration change, and all other events not covered by the other severity levels.

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URL Filtering is a security profile that allows you to classify web content based on the URL category and reputation of the website. URL Filtering can help you block access to malicious web content, such as phishing, malware, or command and control sites, as well as enforce acceptable use policies for web browsing. URL Filtering uses the PAN-DB cloud service to provide up-to-date information on the URL categories and reputations of millions of websites. You can configure URL Filtering policies to allow, block, alert, continue, or override web requests based on the URL category and reputation, as well as customize the response pages and exceptions for different user groups. References: URL Filtering, Set Up a Basic Security Policy, Updated Certifications for PAN-OS 10.1

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Oversubscription is a feature that allows you to use more private IP addresses than public IP addresses for NAT. This means that multiple private IP addresses can share the same public IP address, as long as they use different ports. Oversubscription can be used in two types of NAT: Dynamic IP and Port (DIPP) and Dynamic IP. DIPP NAT translates both the source IP address and the source port number of the outgoing packets, and can have an oversubscription rate greater than 1. Dynamic IP NAT translates only the source IP address of the outgoing packets, and can have an oversubscription rate of 1 or less. Static IP and Destination NAT do not support oversubscription, as they require a one-to-one mapping between the private and public IP addresses. References: Source NAT, Configure NAT, NAT

Dynamic Address Groups: A dynamic address group populates its members dynamically using looks ups for tags and tag-based filters. Dynamic address groups are very useful if you have an extensive virtual infrastructure where changes in virtual machine location/IP address are frequent. For example, you have a sophisticated failover setup or provision new virtual machines frequently and would like to apply policy to traffic from or to the new machine without modifying the configuration/rules on the firewall.

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DNS Security subscription enables users to access real-time protections using advanced predictive analytics. When techniques such as DGA/DNS tunneling detection and machine learning are used, threats hidden within DNS traffic can be proactively identified and shared through an infinitely scalable cloud service. Because the DNS signatures and protections are stored in a cloud-based architecture, you can access the full database of ever-expanding signatures that have been generated using a multitude of data sources. This list of signatures allows you to defend against an array of threats using DNS in real-time against newly generated malicious domains. To combat future threats, updates to the analysis, detection, and prevention capabilities of the DNS Security service will be available through content releases. To access the DNS Security service, you must have a Threat Prevention license and DNS Security license.

You can use the following user interfaces to manage the Palo Alto Networks firewall:

• Use the Web Interface to perform configuration and monitoring tasks with relative ease. This graphical interface allows you to access the firewall using HTTPS (recommended) or HTTP and it is the best way to perform administrative tasks.
• Use the Command Line Interface (CLI) to perform a series of tasks by entering commands in rapid succession over SSH (recommended), Telnet, or the console port. The CLI is a no-frills interface that supports two command modes, operational and configure, each with a distinct hierarchy of commands and statements. When you become familiar with the nesting structure and syntax of the commands, the CLI provides quick response times and administrative efficiency.
• Use the XML API to streamline your operations and integrate with existing, internally developed applications and repositories. The XML API is a web service implemented using HTTP/HTTPS requests and responses.
• Use Panorama to perform web-based management, reporting, and log collection for multiple firewalls. The Panorama web interface resembles the firewall web interface but with additional functions for centralized management.

A user can assign a tag group to a policy rule in the policy creation window by selecting the General tab. A tag group is a collection of tags that can be used to identify and filter policy rules based on different criteria, such as function, location, or priority. A user can create a tag group on Panorama and assign it to a policy rule to apply the same set of tags to multiple firewalls or device groups1. To assign a tag group to a policy rule, the user needs to:

Select the General tab in the policy creation window.

Click the Tag Group drop-down menu and select the tag group that the user wants to assign to the policy rule.

Click OK to save the changes. The policy rule will inherit the tags from the tag group and display them in the Tag column.

References: Assign a Tag Group to a Policy Rule, Policy, Certifications - Palo Alto Networks, Palo Alto Networks Certified Network Security Administrator (PAN-OS 10.0) or [Palo Alto Networks Certified Network Security Administrator (PAN-OS 10.0)].

An administrator can configure URL Filtering profiles in the Objects section of the PAN-OS GUI. A URL Filtering profile is a collection of URL filtering controls that you can apply to individual Security policy rules that allow access to the internet1. You can set site access for URL categories, allow or disallow user credential submissions, enable safe search enforcement, and various other settings1.

To create a URL Filtering profile, go to Objects > Security Profiles > URL Filtering and click Add. You can then specify the profile name, description, and settings for each URL category and action2. You can also configure other options such as User Credential Detection, HTTP Header Insertion, and URL Filtering Inline ML2. After creating the profile, you can attach it to a Security policy rule that allows web traffic2.

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When a security rule is configured as Intrazone, the destination zone field cannot be changed. This is because an intrazone rule applies to traffic that originates and terminates in the same zone. The destination zone is automatically set to the same value as the source zone and cannot be modified1. An intrazone rule allows you to control and inspect traffic within a zone, such as applying security profiles or logging options2. References: What are Universal, Intrazone and Interzone Rules?, Security Policy, Updated Certifications for PAN-OS 10.1, Palo Alto Networks Certified Network Security Administrator (PAN-OS 10.0) or [Palo Alto Networks Certified Network Security Administrator (PAN-OS 10.0)].

The show system fqdn command displays the FQDN objects configured on the firewall and their resolved IP addresses. This can help confirm if the FQDN objects are resolved correctly and if they match the expected traffic. A shadow rule is a rule that is never matched because a preceding rule covers the same traffic. If a shadow rule uses FQDN objects, it is possible that the FQDN objects are not resolved or have different IP addresses than the traffic, causing the rule to be ineffective.

The user will see a response page indicating that a password is required to allow access to websites in the given category. With this option, the security administrator or help-desk person would provide a password granting temporary access to all websites in the given category. A log entry is generated in the URL Filtering log. The Override webpage doesn’t display properly on client systems configured to use a proxy server.

Threat Intelligence Cloud – Gathers, analyzes, correlates, and disseminates threats to and from the network and endpoints located within the network.

Next-Generation Firewall – Identifies and inspects all traffic to block known threats

Advanced Endpoint Protection - Inspects processes and files to prevent known and unknown exploits

You can use an address object of type IP Wildcard Mask only in a Security policy rule.

IP Wildcard Mask

—Enter an IP wildcard address in the format of an IPv4 address followed by a slash and a mask (which must begin with a zero); for example, 10.182.1.1/0.127.248.0. In the wildcard mask, a zero (0) bit indicates that the bit being compared must match the bit in the IP address that is covered by the 0. A one (1) bit in the mask is a wildcard bit, meaning the bit being compared need not match the bit in the IP address that is covered by the 1. Convert the IP address and the wildcard mask to binary. To illustrate the matching: on binary snippet 0011, a wildcard mask of 1010 results in four matches (0001, 0011, 1001, and 1011).

• Palo Alto Networks Known Malicious IP Addresses

—Contains IP addresses that are verified malicious based on WildFire analysis, Unit 42 research, and data gathered from telemetry (Share Threat Intelligence with Palo Alto Networks). Attackers use these IP addresses almost exclusively to distribute malware, initiate command-and-control activity, and launch attacks.

To see how new and modified App-IDs impact your Security policy, you need to follow the path Device > Dynamic Updates > Review App-IDs on PAN-OS 11.x. This option allows you to perform a content update policy review for both downloaded and installed content. You can view the list of new and modified App-IDs and their descriptions, and see which Security policy rules are affected by them. You can also modify the rules or create new ones to adjust your Security policy as needed1. References: See How New and Modified App-IDs Impact Your Security Policy, Updated Certifications for PAN-OS 10.1, Palo Alto Networks Certified Network Security Administrator (PAN-OS 10.0) or [Palo Alto Networks Certified Network Security Administrator (PAN-OS 10.0)].

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Random Early Drop —The firewall uses an algorithm to progressively start dropping that type of packet. If the attack continues, the higher the incoming cps rate (above the Activate Rate) gets, the more packets the firewall drops. ..

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References: edgebase.paloaltonetworks.com/KCSArticleDetail?id=kA10g000000ClomCAC

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• Enter the route and netmask
• Enter the IP address for the specific next hop
• Specify the outgoing interface for packets to use to go to the next hop
• Add an IPv4 or IPv6 route by name Comprehensive Explanation: This is the correct order of steps to create a static route in a virtual router on the firewall. The first step is to enter the route and netmask for the destination network, such as 192.168.2.2/24 for an IPv4 address or 2001:db8:123:1::1/64 for an IPv6 address. The second step is to enter the IP address for the specific next hop, such as 192.168.56.1 or 2001:db8:49e:1::1. The third step is to specify the outgoing interface for packets to use to go to the next hop, such as ethernet1/1. The fourth step is to add an IPv4 or IPv6 route by name, such as route11. References:

• Configure a Static Route - Palo Alto Networks

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The application characteristics can be found in three places on the PAN-OS interface: Objects tab > Application Filters, Objects tab > Application Groups, and Objects tab > Applications. These places allow you to view and manage the applications and application groups that are used in your Security policy rules. You can also create custom applications and application filters based on various attributes, such as category, subcategory, technology, risk, and behavior1. Some of the characteristics of these places are:

Objects tab > Application Filters: An application filter is a dynamic object that groups applications based on specific criteria. You can use an application filter to match multiple applications in a Security policy rule without having to list them individually. For example, you can create an application filter that includes all applications that have a high risk level or use peer-to-peer technology.

Objects tab > Application Groups: An application group is a static object that groups applications based on your custom requirements. You can use an application group to match multiple applications in a Security policy rule without having to list them individually. For example, you can create an application group that includes all applications that are related to a specific business function or project.

Objects tab > Applications: An application is an object that identifies and classifies network traffic based on App-ID, which is a technology that uses multiple attributes to identify applications. You can use an application to match a specific application in a Security policy rule and control its access and behavior. For example, you can use an application to allow web browsing but block file sharing or social networking.

References: Objects, [Application Filters], [Application Groups], [Applications], Updated Certifications for PAN-OS 10.1, Palo Alto Networks Certified Network Security Administrator (PAN-OS 10.0) or [Palo Alto Networks Certified Network Security Administrator (PAN-OS 10.0)].

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The Security profile that should be applied in order to protect against illegal code execution is the Vulnerability Protection profile on allowed traffic. The Vulnerability Protection profile defines the actions that the firewall takes to protect against exploits and vulnerabilities in applications and protocols. The firewall can block or alert on traffic that matches a specific threat signature or a group of threats. The Vulnerability Protection profile can prevent illegal code execution by detecting and blocking attempts to exploit buffer overflows, format string vulnerabilities, or other code injection techniques1. To apply the Vulnerability Protection profile on allowed traffic, you need to:

• Create or modify a Vulnerability Protection profile on the firewall or Panorama and configure the rules and exceptions for the threats that you want to protect against2.
• Attach the Vulnerability Protection profile to a Security policy rule that allows traffic that you want to scan for vulnerabilities3.
• Commit the changes to the firewall or Panorama and the managed firewalls.

References: Vulnerability Protection Profile, Create a Vulnerability Protection Profile, Attach a Vulnerability Protection Profile to a Security Policy Rule, Certifications - Palo Alto Networks, Palo Alto Networks Certified Network Security Administrator (PAN-OS 10.0) or [Palo Alto Networks Certified Network Security Administrator (PAN-OS 10.0)].

Microsoft Exchange – Server monitoring

Linux authentication – syslog monitoring

Windows Client – client probing

Citrix client – Terminal Services agent

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A server profile identifies the external authentication service and instructs the firewall on how to connect to that authentication service and access the authentication credentials for your users. To configure SAML authentication, you must create a server profile and register the firewall and the identity provider (IdP) with each other. You can import a SAML metadata file from the IdP to automatically create a server profile and populate the connection, registration, and IdP certificate information. References: Configure SAML Authentication, Set Up SAML Authentication, Introduction to SAML

Reverting to the running configuration will undo the changes made to the candidate configuration since the last commit. This operation will replace the settings in the current candidate configuration with the settings from the running configuration. The firewall provides the option to revert all the changes or only specific changes by administrator or location1. References: Revert Firewall Configuration Changes, How to Revert to a Previous Configuration, How to revert uncommitted changes on the firewall?.

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https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/pan-os/9-0/pan-os-admin/app-id/security-policy-rule-optimization/migrate-port-based-to-app-id-based-security-policy-rules.html